推 swallow73:多謝辛苦的翻譯! 05/14 17:14
→ NPLNT:抱歉...翻譯功力不好...第一次翻譯 05/14 17:16
推 ernie80168:推！ 05/14 17:45
推 OmegaWind:翻譯辛苦了~ 05/14 23:33
抱歉英文不太好 翻譯出來大家不知看不看的懂
因為沒有時間所以只翻譯一小部份
之前在雜誌上看到巴西要在北部貧困的地區建立腦科學園區
又剛好看到這篇 所以就想PO出來並且翻譯
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'We Want to Join OPEC and Make Oil Cheaper'
「我們希望加入OPEC並且讓石油更便宜」
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,552900,00.html
Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, 62, talks to SPIEGEL about why
Brazil wants to join OPEC, his country's biofuels program and Europe's fear
of Latin America's shift to the left.
巴西總統魯拉，62歲，告訴明鏡周刊為何巴西想加入OPEC，還有巴西的生質燃料計畫和歐
洲害怕拉美向左轉。
SPIEGEL: Mr. President, when you took office five years ago, many feared that
you, as a former union leader, would take the country on a socialist course.
Instead, you have adopted liberal economic policies which have led the
country to spectacular economic growth. Have you abandoned the principles of
your past?
明鏡周刊﹕總統先生，在您五年前剛上任時，很多人擔心您，作為一個前工會領袖，會將
國家帶往社會主義的進程中。取而代之的，您的自由經濟政策帶領國家的經濟成長。您有
背棄您過去的原則嗎？
Lula: As president, I have to be there for everyone. That's the strength of
democracy. Someone who is elected by the people will pay as much attention to
the needs of a banker as to those of a street child or a blue-collar worker
by seeking a balance among their individual interests. In 2003, we had to
make some very tough changes to our government finances, so that Brazilians
can now enjoy more stability. At the time, I used part of the political
capital that I had to get the country back in shape.
魯拉︰作為總統，我必須為了每個人。這就是民主的力量。被人民選出來的人，對銀行家
跟流浪兒童、藍領工人的需要，會找到一個屬於他們個人利益的平衡，付出一樣多的注意
。在2003年時，我們不得不對我們國家財政做出一些非常艱難的變化，使現在巴西人可以
享受更多的穩定。在那個時候，我運用了一些政治資本因為我必須使得國家回到正軌。
SPIEGEL: Your country paid off its debts to the International Monetary Fund
and has since become a safe place in which to invest. Another 20 million
citizens have joined the middle class. Nevertheless there is still an
enormous gap between rich and poor among Brazil's 190 million people. How do
you expect to overcome it?
明︰您的國家償還了對國際貨幣基金會的債務並且因此成為一個安全的投資地方。另有2千
多萬的公民成為中產階級。儘管如此，在巴西的一億九千萬人口中還是有很大的貧富差距
。您期望怎麼克服它呢？
Lula: No one can wipe away the injustices of centuries in only eight years.
But we have found a way to overcome poverty that isn't expensive at all. We
provide financial support for young people so that they can go to school and
learn a profession. We have also created a program to help young people
attend university. Some 400,000 poor young people -- more than 40 percent of
whom are black -- who never had access to private universities in the past
are now receiving grants.
魯︰沒有人可以只用八年將不公平的世紀掃除。不過我們找到一個方法可以克服貧窮而且
絲毫不貴。我們提供財政資助讓年輕人可以去學校學習專業。我們也已經創造了一個計畫
幫助年輕人上大學。400,000的一些窮人－超過百分之四十是黑人－過去從未上過私立大學
的現在正在接受獎學金。
SPIEGEL: A drug war is raging in your major cities. Armed gangs (more...)
control most of the slums in Rio de Janeiro. Has the government lost control
over the favelas?
Lula: Police power alone isn't enough to solve the problem. The government
itself must make its presence felt and provide opportunities, and then the
violence will subside. This is why we are cleaning up the biggest slums
throughout the country. We are providing them with drinking water, energy and
sewage systems, schools, hospitals and libraries. With economic growth
running at between 4 and 6 percent over a number of years, all this becomes
possible. We have allocated $270 billion (€175 billion) to spend on
improving slums as well as modernizing our infrastructure such as ports,
highways, railroads and airports -- all without any new borrowing.
SPIEGEL: And now Brazil also plans to become an oil-producing power?
Lula: We discovered immense oil reserves 273 kilometers (170 miles) off the
coast, at a depth of 2,140 meters (7,021 feet) and under a 5,000-meter
(16,404-foot) layer of salt and rock. We have the know-how to exploit these
reserves. We expect to start test-drilling in March and start producing oil
in 2010. Then Brazil will become a major oil exporter. We want to join OPEC
and try to make oil cheaper.
SPIEGEL: Until recently, you were praising sugar producers as the new
national heroes. Brazil has placed its bets on ethanol, derived from
sugarcane, as the fuel of the future. But in Europe biofuel is now seen as
ecologically suspect.
明︰直到最近，您稱讚產糖者為新的國家英雄。巴西已經下了賭注在由甘蔗生成的乙醇，
作為未來的燃料。不過在歐洲生質燃料現在是被視為生態嫌疑犯。
Lula: Brazil has 33 years of experience with biofuels. The cars that are
built in our country come with engines that can run on mixtures of gasoline
and ethanol. They reduce CO2 emissions considerably. The sugarcane
plantations are cut for five years in a row. While the plants are growing,
they capture carbon dioxide. The production is so cheap that it has no
competition.
魯︰巴西在生質燃料有三十三年的經驗。在我們的國家汽車引擎都可以使用汽油和乙醇的
混合物運轉。他們減少的二氧化碳與排放相當。甘蔗種植園已經連續五年縮減。當植物在
生長時，他們捕捉二氧化碳。生產是如此的便宜而且沒有競爭。
SPIEGEL: There have recently been riots, from Haiti to India, over rising
prices for staple foods. Doesn't the farming of biomass for fuel jeopardize
grain production?
Lula: I can certainly understand that Europeans would have such doubts. But
this argument applies to neither Brazilian sugarcane nor our palm oil. The
production of fuel from basic food commodities is, in fact, unjustifiable.
But it is the United States that uses corn for biofuel, which is then no
longer available for food, while the Europeans derive energy from sugar
beets, rapeseed and wheat. I have always told my European friends that it
isn't worth restructuring their well-organized agricultural systems to
produce biofuel. We, and the Africans, can do a much better job of it. The
European Union should give the Third World a chance to produce biofuel.
Besides, we should not forget that the higher cost of petroleum and
fertilizers also contributes to the higher price of food. This is glossed
over.
SPIEGEL: But the expansion of farmland for sugarcane takes away space
(more...) for corn and soybean fields.
Lula: We have an abundance of land -- 280 million hectares (692 million
acres) of farmland -- as well as plenty of sun and water. Sugarcane is grown
on only 3 percent of this area. Rich countries should stop subsidizing their
own agriculture and lift their high import tariffs.
SPIEGEL: The governor of the state of Mato Grosso, the world's largest
soybean producer, has said that more rainforest will have to be cut down to
cover the demand for food, especially in China. Does high consumption of meat
and soybeans in emerging economies lead to destruction of the environment in
Brazil?
Lula: That isn't true. The Amazon region isn't very well suited for cattle
pastureland. And the soil isn't good for sugarcane or soybeans either.
SPIEGEL: And yet the illegal slashing and burning continues.
Lula: We have tightened our controls. Deforestation has declined by almost 60
percent in Brazil. But more than 22 million people live in the Amazon region.
They too want to eat, drive cars and use refrigerators.
SPIEGEL: Left-leaning governments are in power almost everywhere in South
America. But the continent is divided into a more social democratic movement,
which you lead, and a more radical one, shaped by Venezuelan President Hugo
Chavez (more...). Are there any commonalities within the Latin American left
any more?
Lula: The left in South America still uses the same slogans as the European
left did in the 1920s and 1930s. Politicians take a more radical position in
places where there is hunger, and where people have no access to education.
This continent was churned up by military coups. Guerrilla groups were still
active in many countries only 20 years ago. Today we all agree -- with the
exception of FARC in Colombia -- that elections are the only legitimate way
to acquire power. The victories of Hugo Chavez, Evo Morales in Bolivia and
the others, most recently Fernando Lugo in Paraguay, signify democratic
progress. It was high time that presidents were elected who are truly of the
people.
SPIEGEL: But it's precisely Chavez, with his concept of socialism for the
21st century, who is intervening in the internal affairs of other countries,
especially in the Andean region. Isn't he destabilizing the entire region?
Lula: He'll maybe have problems in his own country. Chavez is without a doubt
Venezuela's best president in the last 100 years. Nevertheless, he has far
less influence than people say he has. Europe has no need to worry about the
left in Latin America.
SPIEGEL: A war almost broke out recently (more...) between Colombia and
Ecuador.
Lula: And that's where Chavez proved to be a peacemaker. Fortunately, war in
Latin America is usually waged only with words. The tongue is our most
dangerous weapon. We talk too much!
SPIEGEL: But the hot spots in South America cannot be denied. The violence in
Bolivia threatens to escalate because wealthy provinces are seeking to
declare their autonomy. Can't you exert your influence to prevent further
bloodshed?
Lula: Brazil, together with Argentina and Colombia, has formed the Group of
Friends of Bolivia to help the country. When comrade Evo is ready to
negotiate, we'll be ready to broker talks.
SPIEGEL: You worship Fidel Castro and visited him in January. Now his brother
Raul has announced economic reforms. Can Brazil help the country democratize
its system?
Lula: I respect the path Cuba chooses to take. Raul is proving to be an able
successor. We would like to help him. Brazilian agricultural experts will
plant 20,000 hectares (43,429 acres) of soybeans in Cuba, which will be the
first plantation of its kind on the island. We are also building roads and
are involved in the production of pharmaceuticals. The Cubans have a high
level of education, and now it is time for them to create the basis for
making the next big development step.
SPIEGEL: You maintain a friendship with the Castro brothers and yet you also
have an excellent relationship with US President George W. Bush. How do you
manage that balancing act?
Lula: I know how to move between political camps. When everyone in the world
hated (Libyan leader Moammar) Gadhafi, I paid him an official visit. It
caused an uproar -- Lula's visiting the devil!
SPIEGEL: Is it even possible to be on the left in Latin America without
rebelling against the Americans?
Lula: There's always a certain price associated with being a major power, and
that applies to us too, as South America's economic giant. The United States
has always tried to dominate Latin America. In Bolivia, the US ambassador
called together foreign aid organizations to slander Evo Morales. Those who
act this way make enemies. I advised Bush to support, in particular, Central
America and the Caribbean with development aid.
SPIEGEL: Brazil and China, two rising economic powers, have entered into a
strategic alliance. So far, it has led to the Chinese buying up your raw
materials and flooding the market with cheap goods. Didn't you expect more
from them?
Lula: All countries have problems with China's economic power. We recognized
China as a market economy so that it could take part in World Trade
Organization talks. Now we need to make sure that China sticks to the rules
that everyone accepts.
SPIEGEL: Germany has lost political and economic influence in Brazil in
recent years. France, Spain and even the Netherlands are investing more. How
do you explain that?
Lula: I understand that the Germans turned mainly to Eastern Europe after the
Berlin Wall came down. But now they should pay more attention to Brazil and
South America once again. They should think about the potential this region
will have in 10 or 15 years. We plan to build three new hydroelectric power
plants and two nuclear power plants, as well as a high-speed rail link
between Rio and Sao Paulo. The Spaniards are already involved. I would like
to show German Chancellor Angela Merkel more than just the capital during her
upcoming (May 13-15) visit to Brazil. I would like to take her to the Amazon
region, to the Brazilians of German descent in (the southern Brazilian city)
Blumenau and to a company meeting at Volkswagen.
SPIEGEL: After five years in office, you remain very popular. Do you plan to
run for office again?
Lula: Two terms are enough. Otherwise the democracy ends up turning into a
petty dictatorship. Change is good for the country.
SPIEGEL: But then you won't experience the final between Germany and Brazil
at the 2014 World Cup as the host in Rio's Maracanã Stadium!
Lula: Admittedly not as president, but I'll be there as a football fan. That
will be easier for me.
SPIEGEL: Mr. President, thank for you for the interview.
Interview conducted by Jens Glüsing and Helene Zuber.
煩請注意附上原稿來源
--
「快樂取決於吾人的所得和同儕甚至於模範角色的比較結果，遠大於我們實際賺到的絕對
金額。不久之前，有人問哈佛畢業生哪種情況比較快樂，一年賺五萬美元而同儕只賺一半
，或一年賺十萬美元而同儕多賺一倍，大部分人選擇了薪水較低的情況。」
Alan Greenspan<THE AGE OF TURBULENCE: Adventures in a New World>
--
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◆ From: 140.116.102.140
※ 編輯: NPLNT 來自: 140.116.102.140 (05/14 17:12)