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Leading on Rock climber 跟 belayer 之間的配合 climber 決定爬的路線,固定點的地方,爬的節奏 belayer 負責按照leader的期待處理繩子 (何時該給,何時該收) The climber on lead accepts the responsibility, the risk, and the rewards of leading the pitch. The belayer agrees to hold any fall. Leading on Non-technical Terrain Hand Line 由leader 在底部固定好繩子,再爬到頂部,固定繩子,並拉緊繩子。要注意不要磨到繩 子。剩下的人再開始攀爬,手握繩子,隨時準備好抓緊,如果有裝備,也可連接到繩上。 由最後的人收繩 Running Belay 通常由兩人組成。Leader 放確保點,而follower負責拆除。兩人之間必須要有兩個確保 點。當有人fall 時,另一個人的重量會拉住另一個人。這比belayer climbing還不安全 Hip Belay Hip belay(ch10),當leader爬到困難處,可能要求belay。Follower 可能做個固定點, 並使用確保器。要注意的是,這並不適合一連串的困難地形。 Leading Technical Climbs Technical rock climbing begins when anchored belays are needed for the party's safety. Each pitch will be led and belayed. The Rack(the collection of gear used for protection) ◎爬時,leader 負責放這些確保,而follower負責收 ◎At the top of the pitch,整理好 the rack,the leader takes the rack needed for next pitch ◎要帶那些gear可以參考guidebook ◎Rack 保含根據路線選的 chocks , carabiners , runners還有chock pick,belay device , cordelette , tie-off loop(a short loop of accessory cord for emergency prusiking, tying off a climber after a fall, or a rappel backup) ,pocket knife(remove old sling), chalk How to Rack Gears is racked on a gear sling(fig 14-6),最理想的racking method 讓leader 可 以有效率的放岩械,帶著它們不會感到不舒服,而且在swinging leads 方便 ◎put each chock on its own carabiner(fig14.6a) advantage:容昜整理 disadvantage:重量不平衡,找的時候可能花較多energy, time ◎combine several pieces of protection of a similar size on each carabiner (fig14-6b) advantage: carry less carabiners, better weight distribution disadvantage: increase the risk of dropping gear, handle more gear when place the piece ◎rack gear on the gear loops of your climbing harness(fig14-6c) advantage: better weight distribution, separate different types of protection disadvantage: transfer gear at belays more troublesome 可以同時使用這些方法,但應注意要有系統的整理,climbing partner之間應使用同一種 方法,這樣可以節省swinging leads的時間 Leading on Rock , Step by Step ◎ planning the route ◎ protecting the lead placing too much protection takes time and need carry a big rack placing too little protection increase the risk of fall and potential injury leader 要注意固定點的quality, 思考繩子拉扯,以及fall 的危險 ◎ selecting and making a placement 把繩子掛進快扣的方式(fig 14.9) 放岩械時,問自己: 1. 在拉扯的方向是否夠穩 2. 如何放才會比較穩 3. 那些chocks 應該省下來,對付上面的情況 4. 應使用那種,才能讓second 的人方便拆除 5. 放時會不會影響手點或腳點 6. 繩子的拉扯是不是減到最小 當固定點不夠穩時,可以再放一個,使它平衡(ch13) 沒有足夠的保護(protection)時,可選擇: 1. 做好保護再爬 2. 繼續爬,but without good protection 3. 下來,看是否換belayer 爬 4. 找簡單的路線爬 5. 考慮撤退 ◎ judging the direction of fall forces chock的受力方向是向下的,要考慮受到拉扯,會不會脫出 若繩子受到拉扯,會讓leader不穩,也會影響fall 時的受力 ◎ the zipper effect 放岩械時,要考慮一但fall時的受力方向,有可能一開始是穩的,但之後爬的路線變化(z 字形),繩子的受力方向也變了,會把它拉出來,例子(fig 14-10, fig 14-12 ) Can prevented by making: 1. opposing chocks 2. SLDs or/and natural protection 3. eliminating the potential for out ward pull by extending pieces with runners ◎ protecting special situation Overhangs(天花板):不要讓繩子磨到岩角,可接runner出來(fig 14-13) Traverses (橫裂隙):在中間要放岩械,不只是讓leader 自已安全,也讓follower fall 時,不會盪太大(fig 14-14),確保second 的人也可以考慮用雙繩 ◎ clipping the bolt ◎ arriving at the next belay 爬上去,做好確保後,再喊 "off belay ",思考好要做的事,如何放繩子,用那一隻手 ……,裝備可以掛在身上,或anchor上,容易拿的地方,但不要放地上 一切就緒後,拉緊繩子,second 喊 " that's me",做好確保喊 "on belay" ◎ cleaning a pitch 有效率的方式(p266 267) ◎ transferring equipment at the top of a pitch 可以交換lead,也可以leader 繼續,交換是比較有效率的 The sequence: 1. clip the cleaned pieces to the racks 2. hand the runners and quickdraws to whoever will lead 3. pack can be remove and clipped in to the anchor 4. if the original leader plans to lead, reflake the rope and the second settle the belay system ◎ climbing with a party of three 需要雙繩 Using two ropes sequentially: Leader 先爬,second 用第一條繩確保,並把第二條掛在身上,等second爬上去,此時第 一條繩都在上面了,third 用第二繩確保,上去後可考慮讓third lead Using two ropes simultaneously: Leader 爬時,帶二條繩子上去,接下兩個人各用一條繩子確保,leader 可以同時確保兩 人上攀 ◎ double- and twin-rope technique double-rope technique belayer 同時控制雙繩,繩子的直徑大約7.4 到8.1 millimeter之間 advantages: 1. 當路線蜿蜒時,繩子比較不會拉扯(fig 14-16) 2. 在traverse 處,用來確保the follower ,可避免大的擺盪(fig 14-17) 3. fall的距離比較短 disadvantages: 1. belay 比較複雜 2. 比較重 3. 要更多技巧 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 172.28.241.236