推 DavidH:音標應該用[ ]比較正確吧? 11/14 18:57
※ 編輯: ketsu1109 來自: 140.112.192.53 (11/14 22:00)
課程名稱︰語言學概論
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰史嘉琳
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰外文系
考試日期（年月日）︰96/11/14
考試時限（分鐘）：本為一節課，延長至兩節課
是否需發放獎勵金：是，謝謝
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
Give brief and to-the-point answers to the following questions.
Write all your answers on the seperate answer paper.
1. Explain this statement:"An important fact that about linguistic signs is
that, typically in language, the connection between form and meaning is
arbitrary."(Language Files, p.15) (12%)
2. Give two examples of types of vocabulary in which the relation between sign
and referent is not arbitrary. (8%)
3. Many animals, such as bees and wolves, have ways to communicate with each
other, but researchers have concluded that most of these are
"closed communication systems." Explain what a closed communication system
is, and how it differs from human language. (8%)
4. Describe the differences between articulatory, acoustic and auditory
phonetics.(9%)
5. Write out three-part (four-part where necessary) phonetic feature
descriptions of the following English sounds. An example is given for your
reference. (12%)
Example: {k}: voiceless velar stop
a.[s]
b.[ㄋ]
c.[b]
d.[j]
e.[]<--- voiced velar nasal (no typing word)
f.[l]
6. Using IPA symbols, list the English:
(list monophthongs only)
a. front vowels in order, from high to low;
b. back vowels in order, from high to low;
c. stressed and unstressed mid central vowels. (10%)
7. Explain what a "phoneme" and what an "allophone" are, and how we can
determine whether a sound is a phoneme or an allophone. (10%)
8.
a. Give the phonological rule that accounts for three forms of the
pronunciation of regular English past tense verb marking, as exemplified
by (a)look/looked; tap/tapped; pass/passed; (b) drag/dragged; rob/robbed;
play;played; buzz/buzzed; and (c)list/listed, raid/raided (12%)
--
b. Name the three types of phonological process operating in the above
English past tense ending rule, and illustrate each with an example:
(1)assimilation,
(2)dissimilation,
(3)insertion (epenthesis),
(4)deletion,
(5)metathesis,
(6)strengthening(fortition), or
(7)weakening(lenition). (6%)
9. Examine the following Georgian language data. All items have an adjective
ending, either [-uri]or[-uli], for example, [tsinuri]"Chinese"and
[ameri'uli]"American". The examples are all names of nationalities so the
most od the meanings are transparent.
a. State which of the seven phonological processes listed in 8.b, determine
which ending is applied to each stem type, and the environment that
activates the rule (10%)
b. Based on the data, what kind of phonological substitution do you note in
the loan words, and what sound does it suggest that Georgian seems to be
"missing"? (3%)
a.[inglisuri] "English"
b.[it'aliuri] "Italian"
c.[holandiuri] "Dutch"
d.[somxuri] "Armenian"
e.[arabuli] "Arabian"
f.[esp'anuri] "Spanish"
h
g.[p inuri] "Finnish"
h.[berdznuli] "Greek"
h
i.[k artuli] "Georgian"
j.[germanuli] "German"
k.[iranuli] "Iranian"
h
l.[p ranguli] "French"
m.[azerbaidㄋanuli]"Azerbaijani"
h h
n.[t urk uli] "Turkish"
o.[rusuli] "Russian"
p.[sveduri] "Swedish"
q.[iap'onuri] "Japanese"
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