課程名稱︰語言學概論上
課程性質︰外文系必修
課程教師︰史嘉琳
考試日期（年月日）︰2008/01/16
考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
1. Explain the differences between the following pairs of morpheme types, and
give an example in English of each of the six: (12%)
a. bound and free morphemes
b. inflectional and derivational morphemes
c. function words and content words
2. Describe the difference between compounding and affixation, and give one
example each of a compound and an affixed word in English. (8%)
3. Describe what suppletion is, and give an example in English. (8%)
4. Give one example each of: (9%)
a. an analytic language
b. a fusional language
c. an agglutinative language
5. Draw two phrase structure trees to express the two possible meanings of the
following structurally ambiguous English sentence: (10%)
Louis spotted a girl with a telescope.
6. Define the following types of antonyms and give a pair of examples for each:
a. complimentary/contradictory pair
b. relational opposites/contraries
c. scalar antonyms/gradable pair (12%)
7. Write an example sentence in English and Chinese using a performative verb,
and underline the performative verb. (10%)
8. We analyze the arguments (論元) of a sentence syntatically with the terms:
subject, direct object, indirect object, prepositional object. We can also
base our analysis on the semantic or thematic roles of a sentence. (16%)
a. List three examples of the thematic role types.
b. Explain the differences between the syntactic and the semantic approach
to analyzing the arguments of a sentence.
c. What is an advantage of thematic role analysis as compared to syntactic
analysis of the arguments of a sentence?
d. What is one problem with the thematic role analysis?
9. Essay question: British philosopher of language Herbert Paul Grice
formulated a "cooperative principle" that he believed underlies language
use. According to this principle, it is required that everything said in a
conveersation somehow furthers the purposes of the conversation. Grice's
system assumes a number of "maxims" of conversation, including maxims of
quality, of relation or relevance, of quantity, and of manner. Many of you
asked in your questions on chapter 8 whether all of these maxims apply to
all conversations all of the time; some of you felt that many conversations
sometimes violated some of the maxims. Give a thoughtful answer to this
question in a short, concise paragraph. (15%)
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