課程名稱︰西洋文學概論二
課程性質︰外文系必修
課程教師︰鄭秀暇
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰外文系
考試日期（年月日）︰2009/06/19
考試時限（分鐘）：70
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
I. Identify the speaker of each of the passages below. Write all the answers
on the answers sheet provided by the instructor. Possible answers are
Aeneas, Anchises's shade, Beatrice, Cato in Purgatorio, Dante the Pilgrim,
Dante the Poet, Dido, Jesus, Judas, Juno, Jupiter, Hector's shade, Peter,
Priam, the Prodigal Son, the Greek Imposter Sinon, Turnus, Ulysses's shade,
Venus, the Virgilian Narrator (of the Aeneid), Virgil the Guide (in the
Divine Comedy). The same name may be more than once if you like. (36%)
1. Triply lucky, all you men
To whom death came before your father's eyes
Below the wall at Troy! Bravest Danaan,
Diomedes, why could I not go down
When you had wounded me, and lose my life-
On Ilium's battlefield. Our Hector lies there,
Torn by Achilles' weapon.
2. If any hand here violates this gift
To great Minerva, then extinction waits,
Not for one only ─would god it were so─
But for the realm of Priam and all Phrygians.
If this pround offering, drawn by your hands,
Should mount into your city, then so far
As the walls of Pelop's town [Argos] the tide of Asia
Surges in war: that doom awaits our children
3. For what you've done, for what you've dared,..
If there is care in heaven for atrocity,
May the gods render fitting thanks, reward you
As you deserve. You forced me to look on
At the destruction of my son: defiled
A father's eyes with death. That great Achilles
You claim to be the son of─and you lie─
Was not like you ....
4. Why do we not
Arrange eternal peace and formal marriage?
You have you heart's desire: Dido in love,
Dido consumed with passion to her core.
Why not, then, rule this people side by side
With equal authority? And let the queen
Wait on her Phrygian lord, let her consign
Into your han her Tyrians as a dowry.
5. Make this your offering to my dust. No love,
No pact must be between our peoples; No,
But rise up from my bones, avenging spirit!
Harry with fire and sword the Dardan countrymen
Now, or hereafter, at whatever time
The strength will be afforded. Coast with coast
In conflict, I implore, and sea with sea,
And arms with arms: may they contend with war,
Themselves and all the children of their children!
6. Others will cast more tenderly in bronze
Their breathing figures, I can well believe,
And bring more lifelike portraits out of marble;
Argue more eloquently, use the pointer
To trace the paths of heaven accurately
And accurately foretell the rising stars.
Romanm, remember by your strength to rule
Earth's peoples─for your arts are to be these:
To pacify, to impose the rule of law,
To spare the conquered, battle down the proud.
7. But if a heavenly lady, as you say,
moves and directs you, why your flattery?
Ask in her name, there is no need for more.
Go with this man, see that you gird his waist
with a smooth reed; take care to bathe his face
till every trace of filth has disappeared,
8. Clearly I earned this, and I ask no quarter.
Make the most of your good fortune here.
If you can feel a father's grief─and you, too,
Had such a father in Anchises─then
Let me bespeak your mercy for old age
In daunus, and return me, or my body,
Stripped, if you will, of life , to my own kin.
You have defeated me. The Ausonians
Have seen me in defeat, spreading my hands.
Lavinia is your bride. But go no further
Out of hatred.
9. Are you not then strong enough to keep watch me for a single hour? Be
wakeful, and pray that you may not be brought to the test. The spirit is
eager, but the flesh is weak.
10. Consider what you came from: you are Greeks!
You were not born to live like mindless brutes
but to follow paths of excellence and knowledge.
11. You now have seen, my son, the temporal
and the eternal fire, you've reached the place
where my discernment now has reached its end.
I led you here with skill and intellect;
from here on , let your pleasure be your guide:
the narrow ways, the steep, are far now.
12. Dante, though Virgil leave you, do not weep,
not yet, that is, for you shall have to weep
from yet another wound. Do not weep yet.
II. Answer each of the questions below in a few words. (24%)
1. In entry 11 above, what does the speaker mean by "the temporal and the
eternal fire"?
2. In entry 12 above, what does the speaker mean by "yet another wound"?
3. Put down one of the Beatitudes in Jesus' Sermon on the Mount. Use the
King James Version translation.
4. Also in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches how to "exceed the
righteousness of the scribes and the Pharisees" by six major examples.
Name one of them here.
III. Answer ONE of the following questions in a well organized paragraph or
a multi-paragraph essay. (40%)
1. How is Aeneas' voyage to Italy a homeward-bound journey? And the journey
of Dante the Pilgrim?
2. How is Dante a Prodigal Son?
3. Is it possible to see Aeneas a scapegoat? And Jesus?
4. Following the pattern of prophecy─suspense─fulfillment that we witnessed
on a number of occasions in the Old testament, Peter and Judas act exactly
in the manner Jesus has prophesied they would act. Critics of the Greek
tragedy Oedipus the King have argued for centuries as to whether the
divine prophecy about his patricide and incest could have caused or
encouraged him to commit just those two crimes. Let us consider the
relation between Jesus' prophecies and his disciples' behaviors. Can
there be a couse-and-effect relationship between the two?
Try to describe the relation as precisely as you can.
5. If the Odyssey is a story about story-telling, The Divine Comedy can be
seen as a drama of (re)reading. Give one example of how a (classical)
story is reread by Dante.
6. Trace how Dante the Pilgrim's will grows from Inferno I (1. 30) to
Purgatorio XXVII (1. 140) to Paradiso XXXIII (11. 144-45)
7. Trace the growth of Virgil the Guide from Inferno to Purgatorio as Human
Reason.
Bonus: Pose yourself a question, and give yourself a tentative answer if
time permits. (Up to 10 extra points)
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