課程名稱︰希臘哲學
課程性質︰群組
課程教師︰楊植勝
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰哲學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2009.4.16
考試時限（分鐘）：120
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
翻譯題（40分）
以下英文出自Anthony Gottlieb, The Dream of Reason:A History of Philosophy
from the Greeks to the Renaissance (W. W. Norton & Company,Inc.,2002)，出
處頁碼註明於每一句末尾，參考其上下文脈絡譯為可理解的中文
既是翻譯題，不宜用全盤改寫的方式答題
1.Other second-and third-hand sources, such as the writings of the often
unreliable but most enjoyable biographer, Diogenes Laertius (who lived in
the third century AD), need to be read with at least one eyebrow raised.
Diogenes was an undiscerning whale of a historian the swallowed every
story that floated by.(p.4)
2.By crystallizing beliefs, myths, theories and stories of all kinds, it
made them available for examination and criticism in a way that was
unthought-of in tale-telling, pre-literate cultures. For all their
shortcomings, the Milesians seem to have been the first to try to exploit
this opportunity.(p.20)
3.Clown: What is the opinion of Pythagoras concerning wild-fowl? Malvolio:
That the soul of our grandam might haply inhabit a bird. Clown: What
thinkest thou of his opinion? Malvolio: I think nobly of the soul, and no
way approve of his opinion. Clown: Fare thee wall; remain thou still in
darkness: thou shalt hold the opinion of Pythagoras ere I will allow of
thy wits; and fear to kill a woodcock lest thou dispossess the soul of
thy grandam.(p.21)
4.So also we, as though we had come from some city to a kind of crowded
spectacle... entered upon this life, and some were slaves of ambition,
some of money; there were a special few who, counting all else as nothing,
closely scanned the nature of things; these men gave themselves the name
of lovers of wisdom(for that is the meaning of the word philosopher)..(p.27)
問答題（60分）
以下四題任選三題回答，每題滿分為20分；回答超過三題者，以得分較高之三題計分
請盡量使用自己的話答題
1.Gottlieb在《理性之夢》（The Dream of Reason）的「導論」（introduction）一
開頭就說，他寫這本從希臘到文藝復興的哲學史所發現到的是「根本沒有哲學這樣的
東西」（that there is no such thing as philosophy, see page vii）！怎麼會
這樣呢？
2.《理性之夢》的第一章「原型」（The Archetypes）認為Anaximenes是三位Miletos
的哲學家裡面「最不重要的」（the least important），說他不但不進步，而且「
向後退步」（plodding backwards, see page 13），理由是什麼？如果我們不要把
他理解為是向後退步，我們應當如何來看待他的思想？
3.《理性之夢》的第一章「原型」認為三位Miletos的哲學家之所以被當作是哲學家，
是因為他們跟一百年後的Hippocrates的醫生們，乃至三百年後的阿基米德
（Archimedes）與歐幾里得（Euclid）相比，所使用的方法「簡陋得可怕」（horribly
crude, see page 17），這是什麼意思？你有何評論？
4.《理性之夢》的第二章「世界的和諧」說Pythagoreans的「精神的救贖」（spiritual
salvation）的概念可以被戲稱（praodied）為：如果你想要永遠活下去，就研究數
學（if you want to live forever, study mathematics, see page 25）。「永遠
活下去」跟「研究數學」有什麼關係；為什麼「研究數學」可以讓人「永遠活下去」
？
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