張煥宗91下期中
1.Briefly differentiate the two terms in eacg pair (3% each)
  (A) Sensitivity  vs. limit of detection
  (B) Scattering  vs. stray light
  (C) Slope ratio method  vs. mole ratio method
  (D) Prism  vs. grating
  (E) White noise  vs. 1/f noise
  (F) Quantum efficiency of photodetectors  vs. quantum yield of fluorescence

II.(A) Derive the Scatchard equation:ΔA/[X] = KΔεP0 - KΔA (6%)
   (B) Derive the Stern-Volmer equation:Φ0/ΦQ = 1 + Kq[Q] (6%)

III.Describe the basic concept and explain why they are important in modern
    sciences (3% each)
    (A) ELISA   (B) FIA   (C) ATR   (D) TRF

IV.To test the stiochiometric ratio between adenine (5mM) and thymine (5mM)
   derivatives inside the micelle of SDS ,the following data are collected.
Adenine(mL) 0.45  0.40  0.35  0.30  0.25  0.20  0.15  0.10  0.05
Thymine(mL) 0.05  0.10  0.15  0.20  0.25  0.30  0.35  0.40  0.45
Produce(mM) 0.12  0.20  0.27  0.31  0.32  0.30  0.26  0.19  0.10
(A)Construct a micelle of SDS in water and in hexane ,respectively. (3%)
(B)What is the stiochiometric ratio between adenine and thymine derivatives?
   (3%)
(C)A method for determining the critical micelle concentration of SDS in water
   . (6%)

V.Absorption  vs. fluorescence
  (A) Separately construct the plots of absorbance vs. concentration ,and
      fluorescence intensity vs. concentration. (3%)
  (B) What do the slopes of the two plots mean? (3%)
  (C) How does the light intensity separately affect the sensitivity of the
      two different techniques? (3%)
  (D) How does stray light individually affect the analysis result? (3%)
  (E) How does the monochromator bandwidth separately affect the sensitivity
      and resolution? (3%)
  (F) Why is it better to use a PMT when measuring fluorescence ,while
      phototube is popular for absorbance? (3%)
  (G) Based on question (C)-(F) ,you are asked to depict the diagrams of a
      UV-vis spectrophotometer using a conventional light source and a
      fluorometer using a laser. You must write down the name of all important
      components. (6%)

VI.Answer the following questions briefly (you may use a diagram to support
   your answer). (3% each)
  (A) A system allowing one to simultaneously determine the concentrations of
     the acidic and basic forms of phenol red.
  (B) A system allowing one to monitor the local pH inside a cell.
  (C) A spectrometric method to determine the concentration of Bi3+ and Cu2+.
  (D) A method for determining the concentration of NO in an aqueous sample.
  (E) Based on the fourth-order resolution of a grating that is 8.0cm long and
      is ruled at 185 lines/mm ,are the two light rays with wavelengths of
      512.23 and 512.26 nm separated by the grating?
  (F) A spectrochemical method for determining the concentration of
      trinitrotoluene.
  (G) A spectrochemical method for determining the concentration of Cr2O7 2-
      and MnO4 - (strong overlap in the two UV-vis absorption spectra)
  (H) A method for differentiating fluorescence from phosphorescence
  (I) A method to differentiate lights from a conventional light source and a
      laser

VII.Suggest a spectrochemical method for determining the Kb of a base. (You
    must write down all experimental processes and the basic concept) (6%)

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