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課程名稱︰普通生物學乙上
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰陳俊宏
開課學院：醫學院
開課系所︰醫學系
考試日期（年月日）︰98／1／15
考試時限（分鐘）：15:30~17:20(110min)
是否需發放獎勵金：是!
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
Final Examination on Biology (PartⅡ - A)
Ⅰ. Multiple Choice: (35 points, 1 point each)
1. Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans
(A) is a major contribution to heart attacks.
(B) would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions.
(C) would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta.
(D) would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje
fibers.
2. Why is the velocity of blood flow the lowest in capillaries?
(A) The total surface area of the capillaries is larger than the total
surface area of the arterioles.
(B) The diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the
capillaries at a high flow rate.
(C) Capillaries are far from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance
from the heart increases.
(D) The systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which
haas a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle.
3. Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because
(A) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume.
(B) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes.
(C) Pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs.
(D) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher
pressure.
4. The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by
changes in
(A) pH (C) the partial pressure of oxygen.
(B) temperature (D) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide.
5. The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
(A) is linked to hypertension and may damage artery walls.
(B) occurs when fibrinogen is released from broken platelets.
(C) is likely to occur too often in an individual with hemophilia.
(D) is the final step of a clotting process that involves multiple clotting
factors.
6. In animal, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of
(A) starch and cellulose. (C) proteins and nucleic acids.
(B) fatty acids and glycerol. (D) phospholipids and glycolipids.
7. Which of the following processes of osmoregulation by the kidney is the
last selective?
(A) filtration (C) H+ pumping to control pH
(B) reabsorption (D) salt pumping to control osmolarity
8. What is the typical osmolarity of human blood?
(A) 30 nmosm/L (B) 100 mosm/L (C) 300 mosm/L (D) 500 mosm/L
9. What would account for increased urine production as a result of drinking
alcoholic beverages?
(A) increased blood pressure
(B) increased aldosterone production
(C) inhibition of antidiuretic hormone secretion
(D) increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule
10. The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the
following except
(A) diffusion of urea from the collecting duct.
(B) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
(C) active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb.
(D) diffusion of salt from the thin segment of the ascending limb of the
loop of Henle.
11. Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally
do so by
(A) increasing the body temperature.
(B) direct effects on gonadal structures.
(C) direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms.
(D) affecting feeding behavior to increase body size.
12. The primary function of the corpus luteum is to
(A) nourish and protect the egg cell.
(B) produce prolactin in the alveoli.
(C) stimulate the development of the mammary glands.
(D) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has
occurred.
13. The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely
(A) greatly reduce the volume of semen.
(B) cause sterility because sperm would not be produced.
(C) enhance the fertilization potency of sperm in the uterus.
(D) cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body.
14. A contraceptive pill that continuously hinibits the release of GnRH
from the hypothalamus will
(A) inhibit the flow phase of the menstrual cycle.
(B) reduce the secretion of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland
(C) stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary
gland.
(D) directly decrease the production of estrogen and progesterone by the
ovaries.
15. The use of birth-control pills (oral contraceptives)
(A) reduces the incidence of ovulation.
(B) prevents implantation of an embryo.
(C) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.
(D) prevents fertilization by keeping sperm and egg physically separated
by a mechanical barrier.
16. During the early part of the cleavage stage in frog development, the
rapidly developing cells
(A) skip the S phase of the cell cycle.
(B) skip the mitosis phase of the cell cycle.
(C) skip the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
(D) rapidly increase the volume and mass of the embryo.
17. If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin, then
(A) the blastula would not be formed.
(B) embryonic germ layers would not form.
(C) cleavage would not occur in the zygote.
(D) the blastopore would form above the gray crescent in the animal pole.
18. In an embryo, the neural crest
(A) rolls up and forms the neural tube.
(B) induces the formation of the notochord.
(C) develops into the main sections of the brain.
(D) produces cells that migrate to form teeth, skull bones, and other
structures in the embryo.
19. In a frog embryo, gastrulation
(A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.
(B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.
(C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum.
(D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the
blastopore.
20. The "slow block" to polyspermy is due to
(A) inactivation of the sperm acrosome.
(B) formatin of the fertilization envelope.
(C) the jelly coat blocking sperm penetration.
(D) a transient voltage change across the membrane.
21. The botulinum toxin reduces the synaptic release of
(A) endorphin. (C) epinephrine.
(B) nitric oxide. (D) acetylcholine.
22. Short-term memory informaiton processing usually causes changes in the
(A) medulla. (B) brainstem. (C) hippocampus.(D) hypothalamus.
23. Most of the synapses in vertebrates conduct information in only one
direction
(A) as a result of the nodes of Ranvier.
(B) because the sodium-potassium pump movees ions in one direction.
(C) because only the postsynaptic cells can bind and respond to
neurotransmitters.
(D) as a result of voltage-gated sodium channels found ounly in the
vertebrate system.
24. Saltatory conduction is a term applied to conduction of impulses
(A) across electrical synapses.
(B) jumping from one neuron to an adjacent neuron.
(C) jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next in a myelinated neuron.
(D) an action potential that skips the axon hillock in moving from the
dendritic region to the axon terminal.
25. The "threshold" potential of a membrane
(A) is the lowest frequency of action potentials a neuron can produce.
(B) is the peak amount of depolarization seen in an action potential.
(C) is the minimum hyperpolarization needed to prevent the occurrence of
action potentials.
(D) is the minimum depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated
sodium and potassium channels.
26. After the depolarization phase of an action potential, the resting
potential is restored by
(A) a brief inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump.
(B) the opening of more voltage-gated sodium channels.
(C) a decrease in the membrane's permeability to potassium and chloride
ions.
(D) the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels and the closing of
sodium activation gates.
27. All of th efollowing statements about schizophrenia are correct except
(A) Patients lose the ability to distinguish reality.
(B) Schizophrenia may also alter glutathione signaling.
(C) About 1% of the world 's population suffers from schizophrenia.
(D) Schizophrenia affects neuronal pathways that use dopamine as a
neurotransmitter.
28. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(A) Alzheimer's disease is progressive and characterized by confusion,
memory loss, etc in especially elder man.
(B) The brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease patients accumulate
β-amyloid outside the neurons and to aggregate in the form of plaques.
(C) Patients of Parkinson's Disease often have a mental disorder.
(D) Parkinson's disease is caussed by the death of neurons in a midbrain
nucleis, substantia nigra, which normally release dopamine.
29. During human gestation, organogenesis occurs during the first trimester.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) The mother should avoid radiation and drugs.
(B) It is a critical time of progesterone production from baby.
(C) It allows for early detection of genetic disorders of the baby.
(D) The baby may compress the mother's abdominal organs, causing frequent
urination.
30. In human, the increasing in Ca2+ concentrations in the cytoplasm of the
oocyte causes
(A) the development of the vitelline membrane that releases acrosomal
enzymes.
(B) depolarization of the sperm plasma membrane that releases acrosomal
enzymes.
(C) the acrosome to discharge hydrolytic enzymes, resulting in the release
of the sperm nucleus.
(D) cortical granules to fuse with the oocyte plasma membrane, ultimately
causing the elevation of the vitelline membrane.
31. Immediately after putting on a wool sweater, your skin feels itchy.
However, the itching stops after a few minutes and you are unaware that
you are wearing a wool sweater. Why?
(A) Transduction has increased. (C) Sensory adaptaion has occured.
(B) Accommodation has increased. (D) Receptor amplification has decreased.
32. Skeletal fibers may be classified as either oxidative or glycolytic. Which
of the following muscles would be called glycolytic?
(A) the ones most easily fatigued.
(B) the dark muscle meat of poultry.
(C) those with a large number of mitochondria.
(D) those with a high concentration of myoglobin.
33. Which of the following is the correct sequence that occurs during the
excitation and contraction of a muscle cell?
1. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-brige binding sites.
2. Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex.
3. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4. The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the
heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release
acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.
(A) 2.1.3.5.4 (B) 2.3.4.1.5 (C) 5.3.1.2.4 (D) 5.3.2.1.4
34. The transduction of sound waves into action potentials takes place
(A) within the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by the hair cells.
(B) as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response
to the varying volume of sounds.
(C) as the basilar membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions and
depolarizes, initiating an action potential in a sensory neuron.
(D) when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them
to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory
neurons.
35. Which of the following statements is related to the IP3/DAG pathways
(A) The signal transduction pathway triggered by rhodopsin.
(B) Sweetness detects by sugar receptor in human taste buds.
(C) ADH regulates water permeability in collecting duct.
(D) Odorant/Odorant receptor transduces signaling in human smelling.
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