[試題] 99上 陳俊宏 普通生物學乙 期中考試題

[windswiff (阿卡)]

課程名稱︰普通生物學乙上
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰陳俊宏
開課學院：醫學院
開課系所︰醫學系
考試日期（年月日）︰99/11/20
考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）

試題 :
I. Multiple-choices: (35 points, 1 points each)


1. Water-soluble signal molecules, such as epinephrine, transport by blood
through the whole body but affect only target cells because
(A) only target cells retain the appropriate gene sequence.
(B) the appropriate receptors are present only in target cells.
(C) only target cells possess the appropriate enzyme to transducer the
testosterone signal.
(D) only the target cells can initiate phosphorylation cascade to activate an
appropriate transcription factor.


2. What are scaffolding proteins?
(A) Proteins can serve as transcription factors.
(B) Proteins function as relay proteins to facilitate signal transduction.
(C) Proteins bind with signal molecules to phosphorylate target protein.
(D) Proteins attach several relay proteins to promote cascade reactions.


3. According to your learning about either G protein-coupled receptor or
receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, which of the following can terminate
an intracellular signaling transduction reaction?
(A) activating relay proteins.
(B) converting ATP to cAMP.
(C) pumping Ca++ out of the cell.
(D) removal of the surface receptors.


4. Which of the following statements about G protein-coupled receptor is
 correct?
(A) The can hydrolyze GTP to GDP.
(B) The receptor has seven alpha-helix transmembrane structure.
(C) The receptor can transfer phosphate groups from GTP to tyrosine.
(D) Two receptor molecules join together to form dimer after they bind with
their ligand.


5. Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?
(A) They are transported by the circulatory system.
(B) They produce specific biological responses in the target cells.
(C) They are used to communication between different organisms.
(D) They are modified amino acids, peptides, or steroid molecules.


6. Which of the following hormones is correctly associated with its functions
 in animals?
(A) melatonin – biological rhythms
(B) prolactin – raising blood sugar level
(C) glucagon – milk production and secretion
(D) parathyroid hormone – decreasing blood calcium level


7. The hypothalamus in our body can control the anterior pituitary by
(A) cytokine.                                           (C) releasing hormone.
(B) neurotransmitter.                                   (D) second messenger.


8. Oxytocin and ADH are produced by the ________ and stored in the __________
(A) hypothalamus; neurohypophysis
(B) adenohypophysis; anterior pituitary
(C) hypothalamus; posterior pituitary.
(D) anterior pituitary; hypothalamus.


9. Which of the following pairing about endocrine disorder and endocrine
gland is incorrect?
(A) diabetes and pancreas
(B) giantism and pituitary
(C) tetany and parathyroid.
(D) goiter and adrenal cortex.


10. Growth factors are
(A) produced by the anterior pituitary.
(B) local regulators which target cells are muscle cells only.
(C) local regulators which can stimulate their target cells to divide.
(D) hormones which can specifically stimulate bone and cartilage growth.

11. Which of the following about homeostasis of hormones is incorrect?
(A) Hormones are always involved into positive feedback loop.
(B) A hormone acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone.
(C) Signal transduction finally induces a specific response in the target cell.
(D) A stimulus causes an endocrine gland to secret particular hormone, which
decreases the stimulus.


12. A substance that inhibits water reabsorption in the large intestine may
cause
(A) diarrhea                                  (C) gastric ulcer
(B) constipation                              (D) colon cancer


13. Some nutrients are considered “essential” in the diets of certain
animals because
(A) only some foods contain them.
(B) only those animals use the nutrients.
(C) they are necessary coenzymes
(D) they can not be manufactured by the organisms


14. Which of the following vitamins is incorrectly associated with its use
in animals?
(A) biotin – coenzyme.                  (C) Vitamin C – collagen synthesis.
(B) Vitamin B6 – antioxidant            (D) Vitamin K – blood clotting.


15. The sinoatrial node in humans
(A) is a blood pressure monitor in the aorta.
(B) can cause heart attack when it is damaged.
(C) is the conductor between the atrialventricular node and the Purkinje fibers.
(D) is the pacemaker to control the rate and timing of cardiac muscle
contractions.


16. Which of the following is not an example of countercurrent exchange?
(A) The flow of blood in capillary and that of lymph within the tissues.
(B) The flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of the blood within
those gills.
(C) The flow of filtered solution in loop of Henle and that of the blood within
the associated capillaries around the loop of Henle.
(D) The flow of filtered solution in the descending limb of loop of Henle and
that of in the ascending limb of loop of Henle.


17. All of the following statements about human heart are correct except
(A) One cardiac cycle takes about 0.8 second.
(B) Heart murmur is caused by abnormal heart contraction.
(C) During systole, the heart muscle contracts, and the heart muscle cells
relax during diastole.
(D) The heart cycle produced electrical currents can be detected by
electrodes and recorded as an electrocardiogram.


18. A person with tidal volume of 500ml, a vital capacity of 4000ml, and a
residual volume of 1000ml would have a potentiall total lung capacity of
(A) 1500ml.                                             (C) 5000ml.
(B) 4500ml                                              (D) 5500ml.


19. During exhalation, air comes from human lungs, because
(A) the rib cage expands.
(B) the diaphragm contracts.
(C) the residual volume of the lungs decreases.
(D) the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.


20. There is usually no concern if the mother’s blood type is different from
that of the developing fetus unless the Rh factor is involved. This is because
(A) maternal blood cells can cross the placenta.
(B) Rh antigens can cross the placenta, whereas those ABO antigens cannot.
(C) the mother naturally develops a passive immunity to Rh unless she has had
an Rh+ child.
(D) maternal anti-Rh antibodies can cross the placenta, whereas those against
the ABO blood can not.


21. An epitope can bind with which part of an antibody?
(A) the antigen-determinant site.
(B) the join region of heavy chain and light chain.
(C) the variable region of either heavy chain or light chain.
(D) the combined variable region of a heavy chain and a light chain.


22. Which of the following could prevent the appearance of the symptoms of an
 allergy attack?
(A) Taking the drug with histamine
(B) Pretreating with allergens several times.
(C) Reducing the amount of antigen-presenting cells
(D) Blocking the attachment of IgE to the mast cells.


23. Which of the following are absolutely necessary for antibody formation?
(A) helper T cells                                 (C) memory B cells.
(B) antigen-presenting cells                       (D) antigen-bound B cells.


24. Some pathogens can undergo some avoidance processes to reduce attack from
the acquired immunity. All of the followings are the possible ways except
(A) Remaining in a host cell
(B) Attacking the immune system
(C) Changing its epitope expression
(D) Reducing the amount of MHC molecules


25. All of the following about innate immunity are correct except
(A) Signal transduction from the Toll receptor synthesizes antimicrobial
peptides which can inactivate or kill microbes by disrupting their plasma
membranes.
(B) IFN  secreted by virus-infected cells can stimulate neighboring
uninfected cells to produce other substances to inhibit virus production
(C) Pyrogens released by activated macrophages or certain toxins produced by
pathogens set the body thermostat at a higher temperature.
(D) Microbial surface substances can trigger a cascade step of complement
system to lyse the invaded cells


26. Which of the following is less related to antidiuretic hormone?
(A) diuresis after alcohol drinking
(B) aquaporins in collecting ducts
(C) gene mutation-caused diabetes insipidus
(D) osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus


27. Which of the following statements about renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system is incorrect?
(A) When the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops, the
juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin to the bloodstream.
(B) Within the blood, renin cleaves angiotensin I to form angiotensin II.
(C) angiotensin II raises blood pressure by constricting arterioles.
(D) Angiotensin II also stimulates adrenal glands to release aldosterone,
which acts on the nephrons’ distal tubules to reabsorb more water and
increasing blood volume and pressure.


28. In a young woman, peak of estrogen causes
(A) ovulation                           (C) LH surge formation
(B) follicle maturation                 (D) corpus luteum formation


29. Which of the following groups has haploid chromosome?
(A) primary spermatocyte and early spermatid
(B) spermatogonium and secondary spermatocyte
(C) secondary spermatocyte and early spermatid
(D) primary spermatocyte and secondary spermatocyte


30. As an embryo develops, new cells are produced as the result of
(A) cell division                               (C) morphogenesis
(B) differentiation                             (D) pattern formation


31. A women in the final week of pregnancy who is given an injection of
oxytocin would likely
(A) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis.
(B) stimulate the development of the mammary glands.
(C) undergo vigorous contraction of her uterine muscles.
(D) increase the prolatin receptors in her uterine muscle cells.


32. If an egg and sperms were treated with EDTA, a divalent-cation chelator,
the
(A) acrosomal reaction would be blocked.
(B) fast block to polyspermy would not occur.
(C) slow block to polyspermy would not occur.
(D) the vitelline layer will be harden to resists the entry of sperm.


33. The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the
(A) liver                                       (C) bone
(B) muscle                                      (D) nerve


34. If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it
will
(A) loss ectoderm and form abnormal gastrula embryo.
(B) cause the embryo with abnormal dorsal-ventral axis.
(C) result the embryo with unequal anterior-posterior axis.
(D) loss positional information for limb-bud pattern formation.


35. The following statements about four extraembryonic membranes in amniotes
are correct except
(A) Amnion encloses the embryo in a fluid-filled cavity.
(B) Chorion is the extraembryonic membrane closer to the embryo.
(C) The yolk sac membrane of mammals is a site of early formation of blood
cells.
(D) Allantois incorporates into the umbilical cord, where O2, CO2, nutrients,
and nitrogenous wastes are exchanged between the mother and the embryo.





II. Fill-in: (40 points; 2 points each; in English)
1. In the signal pathway, the activator for protein kinase C inside cells is               and the enzyme can catalyze the formation of IP3 is
     (          )

2. A controlling program of cell suicide in living organisms is called (    )             .

3. (                    ) are modified fatty acids found in semen, and can
stimulate smooth muscles of the female’s uterine wall to contract, helping
sperm reach an egg.

4. The thyroid gland produces two very similar hormones derived from tyrosine
    , (                   ) and(                  ).

5. The adrenocorticotropic hormone can stimulate adrenal cortex to
secrete (                     _).

6. The cells in your stomach to secret HCl is  (               )

7. The main proteases secreted from pancreas are (              )  and (     )

8. The valves located at the place where blood leaves via the aorta and
pulmonary arteries is called (                )

9. Each RBC contains about 250x106 molecules of (                 )  , which
composed four peptides and one heme for oxygen-binding.

10.(               ) : The protein produced by kidney can increase the amount
of red blood cells.

11.(               ) : One of glycosidases in tears, saliva, and perspiration
can digest the cell walls of many bacteria.

12. (                   )  is the inner lining of the uterus, which is richly
supplied with blood vessels during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle.

13. During ejaculation, the sperm are propelled from the (                )
 through the muscular  (                      )   .

14. In the most common assisted reproductive technology, (                )
, the oocytes are mixed with sperms in culture dishes and incubated. When the
embryo has reached at least eight-cell stage, it is placed in the uterus and
 allowed to implant.

15.(                    )  a specific DNA sequence within a homeotic gene, can
 be translated into peptide which can bind to specific sequences in DNA as a
transcription factor.

16.(                ) : the meshwork of secreted glycoproteins and other
macromolecules help to guide cells in morphogenetic movement.

17.(                          )   the outer epithelium of the blastocyst,
initiates implantation by secreting enzymes that enable the blastocyst to
penetrate the uterine lining.





IV. Question: (40 points)
I. It is quite common to get a kindly advice from your friends or relatives
that ask you should enhance your immunity. Actually it is possible to enhance
immune responses in human beings. Please describe the reasonable methods based
on the knowledge you learned from this lecture.


II. How a woman can maintain her blood level of estrogen and progesterone to
avoid menstruation and spontaneous abortion of her baby during pregnancy?

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