推 ALegmontnick:什麼!? 居然有普生題目!? 06/27 23:48
課程名稱︰普通生物學乙
課程性質︰系必修
課程教師︰郭典翰（與李心予、林雨德合開）
開課學院：醫學院
開課系所︰醫學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2013/4/2
考試時限（分鐘）：110分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是，謝謝
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題：
Multiple-Choice Questions（32 points, 1 point each）
Select one best answer to the following questions.
1.Which is NOT a defining character of an animal？
A. Held together by structural proteins such as collagen
B. Lacking cell wall
C. having Hox gene
D. Autotrophy
2.If a multicellular animal lacks true tissues, then it can properly be
included among the
A. bilaterian.
B. lophotrochozoan.
C. metazoan.
D. choanoflagellate.
3.Which animal phylum has a pseudocoelom？
A. Nematoda
B. Platyhelminthes
C. Ctenophore
D. Annelida
4.Which of the following cell types is specific to Porifera (sponges)？
A. Choanocyte
B. Phagocyte
C. Mesohyl
D. Mesoglea
5.Which of the following cell types is specific to Cnidaria？
A. Amoebocyte
B. Nematocyst
C. Epidermis
D. Cnidocyte
6.Which of the following animal is the most closely related to a tapeworm
phylogenetically？
A. Planarian
B. Rotifer
C. Annelid
D. Nematode
7.Which of the following animal group is entirely aquatic？
A. Nematoda
B. Echinodermata
C. Platyhelminthes
D. Crustacea
8.Which of the following statement relating to the new animal phylogeny based
on molecular data is true？
A. Pseudocoelomates are grouped together.
B. Molting animals, such as annelids and arthropods, are grouped together.
C. Sponges are considered as the most basal animal group.
D. Echinoderm is most closely related to ctenophore.
9.Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes？
A. Lampreys
B. Placoderms
C. Ray-finned fishes
D. Chondrichthyans
10.If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water
column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure
besides its swim bladder will it use？
A. its caudal (tail) fin
B. its pectoral fins
C. its opercula
D. its lateral line system
11.Due to its system of nine air sacs connected to the lungs, the respiratory
system of birds is arguably the most effective respiratory system of all
air-breathers. Upon inhalation, air first flows into posterior air sacs,
then into the lungs, and then into anterior air sacs on the way to being
exhaled. Thus, there is one-way flow of air through the lungs, along
thousands of tubules called parabronchi. The movement of air along
parabronchi is MOST similar to the movement of
A. food/waste in a gastrovascular cavity.
B. food/waste in a digestive system with separate mouth and anus.
C. air in the lungs of other amniotes.
D. air in lungs of terrestrial amphibians.
12.Which is a mammal-specific character？
A. Endothermic
B. Amnion
C. Presence of bone in the middle ear
D. None of the above
13.An example of a connective tissue is the
A. skin.
B. nerves.
C. blood.
D. smooth muscles.
14.A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in
A. spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.
B. the axon of a neuron.
C. nervous tissues.
D. chondroitin sulfate of cartilage.
15.Interstitial fluid is
A. the internal environment inside animal cells.
B. the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells.
C. found only in the lumen of the small intestine.
D. the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra.
16.The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the
A. liver.
B. medulla oblongata.
C. hypothalamus.
D. thyroid gland.
17.The thermoregulatory response of an overheated dog in a very hot environment
is impaired if the response causes
A. body temperature to increase to match the environmental temperature.
B. metabolic heat production to decrease.
C. a behavioral response that takes the dog to a cooler location.
D. blood vessels near the skin to vasoconstrict.
18.Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals
because
A. the nutrients are subunits of important polymers.
B. these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients.
C. the nutrients are necessary coenzymes.
D. only certain foods contain them.
19.Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells
A. initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach.
B. include pepsinogen.
C. delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine.
D. initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach.
20.The absorption of fats differs from that of carbonhydrates in that the
A. processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the
processing of carbohydrates does.
B. carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas
fats do not.
C. most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas
carbohydrates directly enter the blood.
D. fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption.
21.An enlarged cecum is typical of
A. carnivorous animals.
B. tubeworms that digest via symbionts.
C. humans and other primates.
D. rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears.
22.A significant contribution of intestine bacteria to human nutrition is the
benefit of bacterial
A. production of vitamin A and C.
B. production of vitamin K.
C. generation of gases needed for elimination.
D. absorption of organic materials.
23.The circulatory system of bony fishes, rays, and sharks is similar to
A. that of birds, with a four-chambered heart.
B. the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur
sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber.
C. that of reptiles, with one pumping chamber driving blood flow to a
gas-exchange organ, and a different pumping chamber driving blood to the
rest of the circulation.
D. that of humans, where there are four pumping chambers to drive blood
flow.
24.The fluid that moves around in circulatory system of a typical arthropod is
A. the intracellular fluid.
B. the interstitial fluid.
C. the blood plasma.
D. the cytosol.
25.Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the
mammalian aorta？
A. Diastole of the right atrium
B. Systole of the left atrium
C. Diastole of the right ventricle
D. Systole of the left ventricle
26.The blood pressure is lowest in the
A. arterioles.
B. arteries.
C. venae cavae.
D. capillaries.
27.An increase from pH 7.2 to pH 7.4 around hemoglobin causes
A. hemoglobin to more readily give up its oxygen molecules.
B. hemoglobin to release all bound oxygen molecules.
C. an increase in the binding of H+ by hemoglobin.
D. an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin to bind oxygen molecules.
28.Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following
except
A. natural killer cells.
B. neutrophils.
C. dendritic cells.
D. macrophages.
29.The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to
A. distinguish self from nonself.
B. identify specific viruses.
C. recognize differences among types of cancer.
D. identify specific bacterial pathogens.
30.When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from
A. the multivalence of the antibody having at least two binding regions.
B. disulfide bridges between the antigens.
C. bonds between class I and II MHC molecules.
D. complement that makes the affected cells sticky.
31.For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen,
it is necessary that
A. the pathogen has only one epitope.
B. all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified.
C. a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place.
D. the surface antigens of the pathogen not change.
32.Transfusion of type A blood to a person who has type O blood would result in
A. the recipient's B antigens reacting with the donated anti-B antibodies.
B. no reaction because the O-type individual does not have antibodies.
C. the recipient's anti-A and anti-O antibodies reacting with the donated
red blood cells if the donor was a heterozygote (Ai) for blood type.
D. the recipient's anti-A antibodies clumping the donated red blood cells.
Give a definition to each term（24 points, 3 points each）
Do not simply give an English-to-Chinese translation.
1. Nymph
2. Cambrian explosion
3. Ectotherm
4. Pepsinogen
5. Hemolymph
6. Fibrinogen
7. Clonal selection
8. Opsonization
Fill in each blank with an appropriate English term（24 points, 2 points each）
Do not use Chinese.
◎ Molecular phylogeny of major animal groups：
┌─────────── Porifera
──┤ ┌───────── Cnidaria
Common ancestors↗ └─┤ ┌─────── (2)
of all animals ↗ └─┤ ┌───── Lophotrochozoa
(1) ↗ └─┤
Bilateria ↗ └───── (3)
Protostomia
◎ Some cnidrian species have two different forms during their life cycle:
polyps are cyclindrical forms that adhere to the substrate, while a (4) moves
freely in the water.
◎ Cnidarians and free-living flatworms have a single-opening digestive chamber
called (5) cavity; this chamber also functions in circulation of nutrients.
◎ The type of muscle tissue surrouding internal organs, other than the heart,
is (6).
◎ The small intestine has a huge surface area, due to (7) and (8) that are
exposed to the intestinal lumen. (7) are finger-like projections on the
inner lining of small intestine, while (8) are microscopic projection on the
apical surface of epithelial cells of small intestine.
◎ The (9) valves of the mammalian heart prevent backflow of blood in the aorta
and pulmonary arteries.
◎ A person with a tidal volume of 450 mL, a vital capacity of 4,000 mL, and a
residual volume of 1,000 mL would have a potential total lung capacity of
(10) mL.
◎ An (11) is that part of an antigen that actually binds to an antigen
receptor.
◎ In inflammatory response, mast cells release (12) to trigger vasodiation of
nearby blood vessels.
Answer each of the following questions（20 points）
1.What are the four character that define a chordate？（4 points）
Please explain why you lack most of these characters and yet you are still a
chordate.（1 point）
2.Give an example of homeostatic feedback regulation.（4 points, use diagram
if necessary）
3.Describe the roles of sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node in
controlling heart rhythm and how the traveling of electric signal relates to
the pattern of a normal electrocardiogram.（6 points）※隨題附心電圖
4.What are the roles of helper T cells in immuse response？（5 points）
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