課程名稱︰哲學概論
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰苑舉正
開課系所︰牙醫系
考試時間︰60分鐘
試題 :
1.Thrasymachus claims that what is just is:
A.whatever is in the interest of the most powerful members of society
B.possible only in a democracy
C.often different from what is "right"
D.to give each citizen what he deserves
E.a matter of law, not philosophy
2.Our word for "philosophy" comes from a Greek expression meaning:
A. wise fool
B. search for wisdom
C. love of wisdom
D. examined life
E. self-examination
3.In Socrates' view, true happiness:
A. is impossible in life, but may be achieved in the afterlife
B. is, sadly, incompatible with the practice of philosophy
C. can only be achieved in a democracy
D. lies in having the wisdom to accept one's fate without question
E. may be achieved through a process of delf-examination
4.According to Socrates:
A. the principles of right thought and action vary from society to society
B. the principles of right thought and action vary from generation to
generation
C. the principles of right thought and action are the same for all people at
all times
D. there are no universal principles of thought and action and each of us is
an individual
E. if there are universally valid principles of thought and action, it is
impossible for mortals to know what they are
5.Socrates believes the role of a teacher is:
A. to pass on the truth to students
B. to ask probing questions
C. to demonstrate the true principle of thought and action
D. to dicover students' strengths and weaknesses
E. all of the above
6.Socrates was the first philosopher:
A. to study cosmology
B. to write a dialogue
C. to found a school
D. in the western tradition
E. to develop the idea that there is a parallel between language an the
world
7.The ancient Milesian philosophers were primarily concerned with:
A. the study of the nature of man
B. the pursuit of "the good life"
C. the nature of ethical behavior
D. learning the order and composition of the universe
E. the relationship between man and the gods
8.One of the Thaless' philosophical positions was that:
A. everything is made of fire
B. everything is made of water
C. everything is made of air
D. everything is made of earth
E. everything is made of energy
9.Logos, according to the Stoics, is:
A. the power of words
B. the rational part of the soul
C. the rational power that organizes the universe
D. an ethical principle
E. an ideal state we may reach only through the study of philosophy
10.The philosophical notion of "natural law" has its origins in:
A. the atomist ideas of Lucretius
B. Anaximander's cosmological theories
C. the Socratic Dialogues
D. Christian theological writings
E. the Stoic doctrine
11.According to empiricism:
A. all knowledge is gained by the exercise of reason
B. all knowledge is obtained through the senses
C. we are born with innate knowledge
D. sensory perceptions cannot be trusted
E. learning is really a process of remembering what we already know
12.The philosopher usually cited as the originator of the new theory of
knowledge is:
A. Hume
B. Kant
C. Descartes
D. Leibniz
E. Rousseau
13.In author's view, since the beginning of the 17th century, the most
important field of philosophy has been:
A.the study of human nature
B.the study of cosmology
C.the study of psychology
D.the study of epistemology
E.the study of logic and reasoning
14.Which of the following was not one of Descartes' rules for conducting an
inquiry?
A. Difficult problems should be divided into as many parts as possible
B. Review your reasoning to make sure nothing has been omitted
C. Reasoning should proceed from simple concepts to complicated ones
D. Ensure that your subject is a philosophical or mathematical matter,
rather than a religious or poetic one
E. Accept nothing as true that you do not clearly recognize as being so
15.The book whose publication marks the beginning of moden philosophy is:
A.The Epistemology Ture
B.Meditations on First Philosophy
C.The Method of Doubt
D.Critique of Pure Reason
E.The Monadology
16.Descartes' most important contribution to philosophy was:
A. his analysis of dreams
B. his rejection of received opinion
C. his work in analytic geometry
D. his method of examining problems
E. his ability to make daring inferences
17.Descartes' method is:
A. both a method of doubt and a method of inquiry
B. a nethod of discovery
C. both a method of discovery and a method of verification
D. a way of setting forth one's knowledge in a systematic way
E. a way to prove with certainty things one already knows
18.The basic indubitable truth upon which Descartes sought to found all his
knowledge was that:
A. he, himself, exists
B. an all-powerful God exists
C. mathematical truths cannot be doubted
D. the facts of experience cannot be doubted
E. the senses do not lie
19.In his Meditations, Descartes says that the motivation for his project was:
A.a desire to share his large store of knowledge with posterity
B.a desire to rid himself of his many false beliefs
C.a desire to set the sciences on a firm foundation
D.both A and C
E.both B and C
20.Epistemological skepticism is the view that:
A. what's true for you may not be true for someone else
B. the "epistemological turn" was a mistake
C. we should study what we know, not how we know
D. we can never adequately justify any of our beliefs
E. we can never know more than basic facts, such as that the physical world
exists
21.Descartes raises the possibility of the existence of an "evil genius" in
order to demonstrate that:
A. a non-deceiving God exists
B. he might be deceived even when he reasons that 2+3=5, or that square has
four sides
C. he can infer his existence from the fact that he is thinking
D. not every "genius" is morally good
E. beliefs obtained from the senses are uncertain
22.Solipsism is the belief that:
A. nothing exists
B. no belief can ever be adequately justified
C. I exist, but nothing else can be proven to exist
D. beliefs gained through the senses cannot be justified
E. none of the above
23.Which of the following are rationalists?
A. David Hume
B. G.W. Leibniz
C. Rene Descartes
D. both B and C
E. all of the above
24.Which of the following are empiricists?
A. David Hume
B. Rene Descartes
C. G.W. Leibniz
D. both A and C
E. none of the above
25.In place of the psychological tests of certainty used by Descartes, Leibniz
used:
A.emotional criteria
B.logical criteria
C.mathematical criteria
D.empiricist criteria
E.none of the above
26.Leibniz divides truths into two types:
A.truths of reason and truths of contradiction
B.truths of reason and truths of fact
C.truths of knowledge and truths of belief
D.truths of fact and truths of belief
E.none of the above
27.The idea that the mind enters the world as a tabula rasa was first put
forward by:
A. the empiricist John Locke
B. the rationalist Rene Descartes
C. Plaot
D. modem psychologists, such as Sigmund Freud
E. none of the above
28.Hume divides the content of the mind into
A.impressions and ideas
B.necessary and contingent propositions
C.reason and imagination
D.knowledge and belief
E.the empirical and the rational
29.Kant invebted the "unity of consciousness" to solve the epistemological
problem of:
A.skepticism
B.nihilism
C.solipsism
D.both A and C
E.none of the above
30.According to Kant, the categories are:
A.individual thoughts and impressions
B.type of thoughts
C.brute facts of consciousness
D.rules for unifying thoughts in the mind
E.barriers to be eliminated in order to achieve unity of consciousness
31.Metaphysics, in modern philosophy, refers to:
A.things that are beyond physics
B.the study of the principles of physical motion
C.the study of the most fundamental principles of the nature of things
D.the study of phenomena which are beyond nature
E.thy study of the unknowable
32.Which of the following were materialist?
A.Descartes
B.Hobbes
C.the Greek atomist
D.Kant
E.both B and C
33.In Thomas Hobbes terminology, an "endeavor" is
A.a conscious attempt to do or make something
B.a tiny, invisible bodily motion toward or away from something
C.a long term project to accomplish something
D.a deliberate attempt to oppose one's own will
E.none of the above
34.According to the consciousness objection,
A.a sufficiently complex machine might be conscious
B.consciousness is in compatible with voluntary action
C.none of us are truly conscious
D.people are conscious if and only if machines are
E.no mere machine can be self-aware
35.Hobbes denies that:
A.we are free to choose our actions
B.our actions are causally determinted
C.humans are just complicated machines
D.sense organs can affect brain activity
E.none of the above
36.According to Hobbes, when I say someone has acted freely,
A.I'm necessarily mistaken
B.I'm saying that his action wasn't physically caused
C.I'm saying that no outside force prevented him from doing what he decsided
to do
D.both B and C
E.none of the above
37.According to Hobbes, if I'm robbed at gunpoint,
A.I act freely when I give up my wallet
B.my fear of death prevents my acting freely
C.my duty to preserve my life makes my actions necessary, not free
D.my actions are physically determined, and thus not free
E.the robber's actions are physically determined, and thus he is not morally
responsible for them
38.Hobbes and Hume agree that
A.freedom of the will is impossible
B.we are always morally responsible for our actions
C.human actions are determined
D.causal judgment are invalid
E.none of the above
39.Kant says those who believe there is a real conflict between free will and
determination:
A.are contradicting themselves
B.mistakenly believe in the absolute reality of appearances
C.mistakenly believe in a cause-effect relation
D.mistakenly believe in laws of nature
E.all of the above
40.The mind-body problem poses a difficulty chiefly for:
A.materialists
B.idealists
C.dualists
D.both A and C
E.both B and C
Answers
1~5 ACECB
6~10 EDBCE
11~15 BCDDB
16~20 DAAED
21~25 BCDAB
26~30 BAADD
31~35 CEBEA
36~40 CBCBC
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