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課程名稱︰普通心理學
課程性質︰必修、通識A58
課程教師︰葉俊毅
開課學院：
開課系所︰護理系、公衛系
考試日期（年月日）︰2012/4/19
考試時限（分鐘）：忘了(至少1小時以上)
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
A是非題(每題一分，共十題)
1.If the results of a test are consistent and dependable,such that they can be
repeated under under similar condition at different times,psychologists would
say that the test has validity.
2.David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel won a Noble Prize for their studies of
receptive fields of cells in the visual cortex.
3.An inflow of potassium causes a nerve cell to become depolarized.
4.The EEG pattern during REM sleep resembles that of a person who is awake.
5.The law of good continuation states that people tend to fill in small gaps in
order to experience objects as wholes.
6.In a within-subject research design,different groups of participants are
randomly assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.
7.Taste-aversion learning may occur in one trial.
8.Trying to memorize a list of all of the presidents of the United States is an
example of a explicit use of memory.
9.The first experimental psychologist was Aristotle.
10.Even after a classically conditioned response has been extinguished,it may
appear.
B選擇題(每題二分，共三十五題)
1.在腦中的Hippocampus跟下列哪一個認知功能最有關係？
a.記憶(memory)
b.情緒(emotion)
c.語言(language)
d.運動(physical movement)
2.下列哪一項不是神經元的主動電位(action potential)的特質？
a.會促使神經傳導物質(neurotransmitters)的釋放
b.全有全無率(All-or-None law)
c.電位靜止期(refractory period)
d.電位的大小(amplitude)跟刺激的強弱成正比
3.在下列的相關係數(correlation coefficients)中，哪一個代表的相關性最小？
a.+0.10
b.-0.06
c.-0.10
d.-0.60
4.一個有聽覺障礙的人去找醫生做檢查。醫生用不同強度的聽覺刺激，要他在有聽到刺激
的時候做反應。這樣的程序是在測量這個病人的
a.差異閾(difference thresholds)
b.絕對閾(absolute threshold)
c.洽變率(the just noticeable difference)
d.反應誤差(response biases)
5.下列哪一個敘述跟"Ames room"所產生的視覺錯覺覺最相關？
a.對於距離的知覺會影響物體大小的知覺
b.知覺的恆常性需要雙眼(binocular)線索
c.重疊(interposition)的線索比兩眼聚合程度(convergence)的線索重要
d.相對運動視差(relative motion parallax)
6.在做心理學的研究時，下面哪一個敘述是我們比較想要的實驗設計？
a.讓實驗組跟控制組在很多的變項(variables)上都不一樣
b.用相關法(correlation)來探討兩個變項間的因果關係
c.有系統的操弄實驗者所感興趣的變項
d.用最能表現出你想要結果的受試者為實驗者的樣本
7.心理學家在研究感覺歷程(sensory processes)時通常會使用訊號偵測理論(signal
detection theory)，主要是因為這個理論能夠
a.決定一個人說"是"的傾向是否比說"不是"的傾向強
b.降低因受試者閾值(threshold)不同所造成的差異
c.將感覺歷程與反應偏誤(response bias)分開
d.決定單一，真實的絕對閾(absolute threshold)
8.當你在公園慢跑，你看到一個家庭正在草地上享受野餐。在你轉身離去，這個家庭的影
像會在你腦海中
a.立即消失
b.持續半秒鐘
c.持續五秒鐘
d.持續三十秒
9.一個男孩在覆蓋著冰的人行道上跑步時不小心滑倒。在未來，他再也不敢在覆蓋著冰的
人行道上跑步。在操作制約中這是一個_______例子。
a.正懲罰(positive punishment)
b.負懲罰(negative punishment)
c.正強化(positive reinforcement)
d.負強化(negative reinforcement)
10.物理學家會學到很多的數學公式和事實，這樣的訊息主要是儲存在哪一種記憶中？
a.語意(semantic)
b.程序(procedural)
c.情節(episodic)
d.感覺(sensory)
11.下列哪一個行為是最有可能透過古典制約(classic conditioning)的歷程習得？
a.當強光照射到眼睛會眨眼
b.當騎腳踏車撞倒障礙物時會摔倒
c.當聽到牙醫師補牙的電鑽聲時會畏縮
d.當異物進入到鼻腔時會打噴嚏
12.安慰劑(placebo)效果主要指的是？
a.實驗者知道他意圖發現的結果
b.受試者沒有被隨機的分配到實驗組和控制組
c.受試者的行為改變是因為他們相信治療是有效果的
d.受試者跟實驗者助理都不知道到底哪一個受試者受到哪一種治療
13.下面哪一個是神經元收到訊號後，訊號傳遞的正確順序
a.軸突(axon)、樹突(dendrites)、細胞體(soma)、神經末梢(terminal buttons)
b.神經末梢(terminal buttons)、軸突(axon)、樹突(dendrites)、細胞體(soma)
c.神經末梢(terminal buttons)、細胞體(soma)、樹突(dendrites)、軸突(axon)
d.樹突(dendrites)、細胞體(soma)、軸突(axon)、神經末梢(terminal buttons)
14.遺傳性(heritability)的估計範圍在：
a.-1.0~+1.0
b.1~10
c.0~1
d.0~100
15.小明在送報紙到大雄家時被狗咬傷，當他隔天再看到大雄家時就覺得開始感到焦慮，
即使咬傷他的狗並沒有再出現。請問在這個故事中的制約刺激(conditioned stimulus)為
何？
a.狂吠的狗
b.小明被狗咬傷後的疼痛感
c.小明對被狗咬傷後的疼痛感的記憶
d.大雄家的出現
16.下面哪一個是追溯干擾(retroactive interference)的例子？
a.你的老師發現要記住學生姓名一年會比一年更難
b.你彈鋼琴的能力，會讓你比較難學會彈奏新的樂器(ex：大提琴)
c.當你記住新的保險箱號碼組合，你發現你會忘記舊的號碼組合
d.搬家之後你發現你沒有辦法記住新家的住址及電話
17.對於信度(reliability)與效度(validity)的關係，下列哪一個描述是正確的？
a.一個有信度的測驗，他也一定有很好的效度
b.一個測驗可以有很好的信度，但不見得有效度
c.一個效度高的測驗，不一定有信度
d.一個測驗的信度跟效度並不相關
18.在人類的視網膜上有一個中央小窩(fovea)；它是
a.盲點的(the blind spot)所在
b.柱狀體(rods)密度最高的地方
c.有很多的horizontal and amacrine cells
d.視覺最銳利(sharpest)的地方
19.下面哪一個歷程可能不需要用到腦？
a.跟別人握手
b.從滾燙的火鍋旁把手抽開
c.想像被全身麻醉的感覺
d.用手感覺砂紙跟棉絮的不同
20.假設你想要驗證「看色情圖片會增加攻擊行為」的假設。請問下列何者可以是這個研究
的依變項(dependent variable)？
a.受試者的年齡
b.攻擊行為的頻率
c.受試者的性別
d.看情色圖片的頻率
21.You know someone who likes to impress others with her knowledge of
everything,although she has confessed to you that many times she makes up
"facts" to win an argument.Now you should be aware that she violates Grice's
maxim of
a.quantity
b.manner
c.quality
d.relation
22.A man and a woman are farm workers.The man is paid every week for his work,
while the woman is paid for every two bushels of fruit she picks.The man is
under a _________schedule of reinforcement and the woman is under a __________
schedule of reinforcement.
a.variabla-ratio;fixed-interval
b.fixes-interval;variable ratio
c.fixed-ratio;fixed interval
d.fixed-interval;fixed ratio
23.A friend has taught her dog to bark whenever she says "speak". Now,she wants
to teach the dog a new trick by saying "sit". But the dog barks whenever she
says "sit". The dog's behavior is an example of
a.spontaneous recovery
b.stimulus generalization
c.stimulus discrimination
d.extinction
24.Defective color vision(color blind)is most likelyto occur in_______,and is
most likely to affect the discrimination of _________.
a.females;red and green
b.females;green and blue
c.males;red and yellow
d.males;green and red
25.The methodological breakthrough for the study of sleep came in 1937 when
researchers began using
a.electroencephalograms
b.hyposis
c.think-aloud protocols
d.X-rays
26.During the absolute refractory period
a.neurons can fire continuously
b.no amount of further stimulation can induce another action potential to
develop
c.only the strongest stimulation will cause another action potential to be
generated
d.the neuron will fire to a stimulation that is slightly stronger than what
is normally necessary
27.A 2-year-old has just figured out that the soft,furry,four-legged creatures
that she loves so much are "cats". Her mental representation of this category
is called a
a.phototype
b.concept
c.schema
d.stereotype
28.Being able to use knowledge at some later time requiures the operation of
three mental processes.Which of the following is not considered to be one of
these processes?
a.encoding
b.recording
c.storage
d.retrieval
29.The cerebrum is divided into two almost symmetrical halves,called the _____
_____,which are connected by a mass of fibers called the________
a.nuclei;nerve fibers
b.lobes;cerebral connector
c.cerebral cortice;equator
d.cerebral hemispheres;corpus callosum
30.The fundational premise upon which F.C. Donders based his method for
studying mental processes was that
a.there are individual differences in the procedures people use to solve
mental problems
b.extra mental steps will result in more time to perform a task
c.a mental processes of children are qualitively different from the mental
processes of adults
d.?????? can be made aware of their own mental processes
31.Deciding which portion of a psychology lecture to pay attention to is part
of the________ components of working memory.
a.phonological loop
b.navigational pilot
c.visuospatial sketchpad
d.central executive
32.A key assumption made by researchers who are studying mental processes is
that
a.serial processing is a type of parallel processing
b.the absolute time that mental processes takes is independent of the details
of different tasks
c.requiring additional mental tasks effectively reduces total reaction time
d.individuals have limited resources that must be spread over different mental
tasks
33.A researcher pairs a tone of 1200Hz with an electric shock in a conditioning
experiment.One some trials,he presents tones of 1000Hz or 1500Hz without thw
shock.The procedure he is using resembles the method used to bring about.
a.blocking
b.trace conditioning
c.stimulus discrimination
d.stimulus generalization
34.Which of the following pairs of opponent elements was NOT part of the
opponent process theory proposed by Ewald Hering?
a.blue versus green
b.blak versus white
c.green versus red
d.yellow versus blue
35.All of the following are critical elements that define learning EXCEPT for
which one?
a.change in behavior must be relatively consistence
b.change in behavior must be permanent
c.change in behavior must be based on experimece
d.change can occur in behavior or in behavior potential
C配對題與簡答題(總共二十分)
1.配對題一(每項一分，共五分)：請就下列的腦部功能及其結構配對
(1)跟情緒有關的記憶 ____
(2)呼吸、血壓、心跳中心 ____
(3)視覺訊息的接收 ____
(4)程序記憶 ____
(5)決策、計劃等高等認知功能 ____
(會有大腦示意圖，並在構造標上英文字母對應功能填答)
2.配對題二(每項一分，共五分)：請就下列的心理學家及其對心理學貢獻或研究作配對
(1)Hermann Ebbinghaus ____ (a)操作制約(operant conditioning)
(2)B.F. Skinner ____ (b)效果率(law of effect)
(3)Gustav T.Fechner ____ (c)三色論(Trichromatic theory)
(4)Wilhelm Wundt ____ (d)心理計量涵數(psychometric function)
(5)Edward L. Thorndike ____ (e)古典制約(classical conditioning)
(f)反應時間(reaction time)
(g)無意義音節(nonsence syllables)
(h)小亞伯(little Albert)
簡答題(共十分)：從配對題二中選擇兩位心理學家並在10句話內簡單敘述其貢獻
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