課程名稱︰經濟學乙
課程性質︰法律系三選一
課程教師︰劉錦添
開課系所︰法律系
考試時間︰2005/01/12
試題 :
1. Suppose that at there are no laws to restrict pollution produced by the
widget industry. The market price of a widget is $20. Under what
circumstances should the government consider taking action to reduce
pollution by the widget industry?
a. If the cost imposed by the pollution is less than $20 per widget
produced,no action is necessary.
b. If $20 minus the private cost of producing a widget equals the cost of
the pollution generated per widget, then the government should act to
reduce pollution.
c. If $20 minus the private cost of producing a widget is greater than the
cost of the pollution generated per widget, then the government should
act to reduce pollution.
d. If $20 minus the private cost of producing a widget is less than the
cost of the pollution generated per widget, then the government should
act to reduce pollution.
2. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. Pigovian taxes are often preferred over direct regulation because they
typically reduce externalities at a lower cost.
b. Pigovian texes are less preferred than direct regulation because they
typically reduce externalities at a higher cost.
c. Pigovian texes are often preferred over direct regulation because they
typically reduce externalities at a faster rate.
d. Pigovian texes are less preferred than direct regulation because they
typically reduce externalities at a slower rate.
3. When the government reverts to a command-and-control policy to solve an
externality, it
a. is usually the most effective policy option available.
b. creates policies that directly regulate behavior.
c. usually involves taxing consumption of a commodity.
d. typically refers to the Coase theorem to structure the policy.
4. When dealing with externalities, government
a. can correct the market failure only in the case of positive
externalities.
b. can correct the market failure only in the cost of negative
externalities.
c. can correct the market failure in both the positive and negative
externalities by inducing market participants to internalize the
externality.
d. cannot correct for externalities due to consumer rights laws.
5. Common resource goods are
a. excludable but not rival.
b. rival but not excludable.
c. both excludable and rival.
d. neither excludable nor rival.
6. When goods are not excludable
a. the good will be produced as a private good but not as a public good.
b. the good will not be produced since no one values it.
c. the free-rider problem prevents the private market from supplying them.
d. everyone can have all they want and good will have a zero price.
7. The market does not provide national defense because
a. it is impossible to prevent any single person from enjoying the benefit
of nation defense.
b. the fixed cost of national defense is too high.
c. the necessary resources for national defense are not available in the
private sector.
d. All of the above are correct.
8. Accoding to experience, the most effective solution to highway congestion
is to
a. build more roads.
b. set a price for access to roads, which is paid by those who use them.
c. discourage urban sprawl by subsidizing urban apartment rents.
d. All of the above are correct.
9. Four friends decide to meet at a Chinese restaurant for dinner. They decide
that each person will order an item of the menu and they will share all
dishes. When the final bill for the meal comes they decide they will split
the cost evenly among each of the people at the table. When the food is
delivered to the table, each person faces incentives similar to
a. consumption of a common resource good.
b. production of a public good.
c. consumption of a natural monopoly good.
d. production of a private good.
10. When evaluating the size of the deadweight loss due to a tax we know that
the
a. greater the elasticities of supply and demand, the greater the
deadweight loss.
b. smaller the elasticities of supply and demand, the greater the
deadweight loss.
c. smaller the decrease in both quantity demanded amd quantity supplied,
the greater the deadweight loss.
d. primary factor that determines the size of the deadweight loss in the
percentage the tax of price.
11. Discount coupons have the ability to help a grocery store
a. price discriminate.
b. target its customers based on their individual willingness to pay.
c. maxing its profit.
d. All of the above are correct.
12. A tax placed on chocolate will
a. reduce the equilibrium price of cholocate and increase the equilibrium
quantity.
b. increase the equilibrium price of chocolate and reduce the equilibrium
quantity.
c. increase the equalibrium price of chocolate and increase the
equilibrium quantity.
d. reduce the equilibrium price of chocolate and reduce the equilibrium
quantity.
13. Deadweight loss measures the
a. loss in a market to buyers and sellers that is not offset by an
increase in government revenue.
b. loss in revenue to the government when buyers choose to buy less of the
product.
c. loss of efficiency in a market as a result of government intervention.
d. loss revenue to businesses because of higher prices to comsumers from
the tax.
14. Tomowns a factory in which he has produced TVs for five years. He has kept
track of his average total cost as his level of production varies. The
infomation is summarized below:
Output Average Total Cost
10 $500
20 $400
30 $300
40 $400
50 $500
From this infomation we can conclude that
a. Tom's factory exhibits both economies and diseconomies of scale.
b. Tom's factory exhibits only diseconomies of scale.
c. Tom's factory exhibits constant returns to scale.
d. None of the above are correct.
15. The fundamentalreason that marginal cost eventually rises as output
increase is because of
a. economies of scale.
b. diseconomies of scale.
c. diminishing margianl product.
d. rising average fixed cost.
16. "Constant returns to scale" refers to a situation in which, for a firm,
a. all of the firm's shout-run average total curves are horizontal.
b. short-run average total cost does not change as the quantity of output
changes.
c. long-run average total cost does not change as the quantity of output
changes.
d. All of the above are correct.
17. The long-run average total cost curve is always
a. flatter than the short-run average total cost curve, but not
necassarily horizontal.
b. horizontal.
c. falling as output increases.
d. rising as output increases.
18. When a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market is unable to
generate enough revenue to pay all of its fixed costs it should, in the
short run,
a. shut down and incur a loss equal to its fixed costs.
b. shut down until it is able to produce where average revenue exceeds
average fixed cost.
c. continue to produce as long as marginal cost is less than average
revenue.
d. continue to produce as long as total revenue is sufficient to pay
variable costs.
19. If a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market discovers that at its
current level of production price greater than marginal cost it should
a. shut down.
b. reduce its output, but continue operating.
c. keep output the same.
d. increase its output.
20. One of the most important determinants of the success of free-market
capitalism is
a. enlightened governments selecting firms that should not ne allowed to
exit a market.
b. free entry and exit in market.
c. government regulation of market participants.
d. having a few large firms rather than thousands of small ones.
21. A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market is currently producing
100 units of output. It has average revenue of $10, and its average total
is $8. It follows that the firm's
a. average total cost curve interests the marginal cost curve at an
output level of less than 100 units.
b. average variable cost curve interests the marginal cost curve at an
output level of less than 100 units.
c. profits is $200.
d. All of the above are correct.
22. If competitive firm is currently producing a levelof output at which
marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue, then
a. average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
b. the firm is earning a positive profit.
c. a one-unit drcrease in output would increase the firm's profit.
d. All of the above are correct.
23. A firm in a competitive market has the following cost structure:
Output Total Cost
0 $5
1 $10
2 $12
3 $15
4 $24
5 $40
This firm will shut down
a. if price falls below $3.33 and exit if it falls below $5.
b. if price falls below $5 and exit if it falls below $3.33.
c. if price falls below $7 and exit if it falls below $10.
d. and exit if price falls below $5.
24. Competitive firms differ from monopolies in which of the following ways?
(i) Competitive firms do not have to worry about the price effect
lowering their total revenue.
(ii) Marginal revenue for a competitive firm equals price, while marginal
revenue for a monopoly is less than the price it is able to charge.
(iii) Monopolies must lower their pruce in order to sell more of their
product, while competitive firms do not.
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. All of the above are correct.
25. For a monopolist, when does marginal revenueexceed average revenue?
a. Never.
b. When output is less than the profit-maximizing level of output.
c. When output is greater than the profit-maximzing level of output.
d. When price is subject tolaw of Demend.
26. The profit-maximization problem for a monopolist differs from that of a
competitive firm in which if the following way?
a. A competitive firm maxizines profits at the point where marginal
revenue equals marginal cost; a monopolist maximizes profit at the
point where marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost.
b. A competitive firm maximizes profits at the point where average revenue
equals marginal cost; a monopolist maximizes profit at the point where
average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
c. For a competitive firm, marginal revenue at the profit-maximizing level
of output is equal to marginal revenue at all other levels of output;
for a monopolist, marginal revenue at the profit-maximizing level of
output is smaller than it is for larger levels of output.
d. For a profit-maximizing competitive firm, thinking at the margin is
much more important than it is for a profit-maximizing monopolist.
27. The problem with monopolies is their ability
(i) to do away with barriers to entry.
(ii) to price their product at a level that exceeds marginal cost.
(iii) to restrict output below the socially efficient level of production.
a. (i) and (iii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (iii) only
d. All of the above are correct.
28. The difference is total surplus between a socially efficient level of
production and a monopolist's level of production is
a. offset by regulatory revenues.
b. called a deadweight loss.
c. usually small and insignificant.
d. All of the above are correct.
29. In a natural monopoly,
a. society would be better off if anti-trust laws were used to create many
different firms in the market.
b. the marginal cost curve is positively sloped.
c. if the government requires marginal cost pricing, it must pay the
monopolist a subsidy.
d. the marginal revenue curve is horizontal.
30. Price discrimination is a rational strategy for a profit-maximizing
monopolist when
a. the monopolist finds itself able to produce only limited amounts of
output.
b. consumers are unable to be segmented into identifiable markets.
c. the monopolist wishes to increase the deadweight loss that results from
profit-maximizing behavior.
d. there is no opportunity for arbitrage across market segmentations.
31. When a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive market is
producing the long-run equilibrium quantity,
a. its average revenue will equal its marginal cost.
b. its marginal revenue will exceed its marginal cost.
c. it will be earning positive economic profits.
d. its demand curve will be tangent to its average-total-cost curve.
32. In monopolistically competitive markets, economic profits
a. signal some incumbent firms to exit the market.
b. signal new firms to enter the market.
c. are maintained through government-imposed barriers to entry.
d. are never possible.
33. Which of the following will weaken OPEC's effect on the world price of oil
?
(i) Member countries abide by the regulatory policy set forth under the
original collusive agreement.
(ii) Member countries increase their own production.
(iii) Member countries set their level of production in order to capture a
larger share of the total profit available.
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (i) and (iii)
d. (i) only
答案： 1. dabcb 6. cabaa
11. dbadc 16. caddb
21. dcada 26. bbbcd
31. dbb
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 140.112.211.64