課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質︰必修兼A5通識
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰98/11/13
考試時限（分鐘）：180
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
總分:105分
一、選擇題(每題皆要附上說明，否則不予計分) (40 points)
1. The difference between production possibilities frontiers that are bowed
out and those that are straight lines is that
a.bowed-out production possibilities frontiers apply to economies that
faces tradeoffs, whereas straight-line production possibilities frontiers
apply to economies that do not face tradeoffs.
b.bowed-out production possibilities frontiers apply to economies in which
resources are not specialized, whereas straight-line production
possibilities frontiers apply to economies in which resources are
specialized.
c.bowed-out production possibilities frontiers illustrate increasing
opportunity cost, whereas straight-line production possibilities
frontiers illustrate constant opportunity cost.
d.straight-line production possibilities frontiers illustrate real-world
conditions, whereas bowed-out production possibilities frontiers
illustrate more simplistic assunptions.
2. New oak tables are normal goods. What would gappen to the equilibrium price
and quantity in the market for oak tables if the price of maple tables
rises, more buyers entere the market for oak tables and the price of wood
saws increased?
a.Price will fall and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
b.Price will rise and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
c.Quantity will fall and the effect on price is ambiguous.
d.Quantity will rise and the effect on price is ambiguous.
3. Suppose the cross elasticity of demand between peanut butter and jelly is
negative, then
a.an increase in the price of peanut butter will cause an increase in the
equilibrium price of jelly.
b.an increase in the price of peanut butter will cause a decrease in the
equilibrium price of jelly.
c.an increase in the price of peanut butter will have no effect on the
equilibrium price of jelly.
d.Peanut butter and jelly are substitutes.
4. Harry's Barber Shop increased its total monthly revenue from $1,500 to
$1,800 when it raised the price of a haircut from $5 to $9. The price
elasticity of demand for Harry's Haircuts is
a.0.567
b.0.7
c.1.429
d.2.2
5. The damand for salt is inelastic and the supply of salt is elastic. The
demand for caviar is clastic and the supply of caviar is inelastic. Suppose
that a tax of $1 per pound is livies onf the sellers of salt and a tax of
$1 per pound is livied in the buyers of caviar. We would expect that most
of the burden of these taxes will fall in
a.sellers of salt and the buyers of caviar.
b.sellers of salt and the sellers of caviar.
c.buyers of salt and the sellers of caviar.
d.buyers of salt and the buyers of caviar.
6. Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a
law increased the minimum legal price for widgets to $6, producer surplus
a.might increase or decrease.
b.would be unaffected.
c.would necessarily increase even if the higher price resulted in a surplus
of widgets.
d.would necessarily decrease because the higher price would create a
surplus of widgets.
7. Suppose a tax of $3 per unit is imposed on a good. The supply curve and the
demand curve are straight lines. The tax decreases consumer surplus by
$3,900 and it decreases producer surplus by $3,000. The tax generates tax
revenue of $6,000. From this information it follows that the tax decreased
the equilibrium quantity of the good
a.from 2,000 to 1,500.
b.from 2,400 to 2,000.
c.from 3,000 to 2,400.
d.from 2,600 to 2,000.
8. Opponents of free trade often want the United States to prohibit the import
of goods made in overseas factories that pay wages below the U.S. minimum
wage. Prohibiting such goods is likely to
a.cause these factories to pay the U.S. minimum wage.
b.increase the rate of technological advance in poor countries so that they
can afford to pay higher wages.
c.increase poverty in poor countries and benefit U.S. firms which compete
with
d.garm U.S. firms which compete with these imports.
二、簡答題(Short questions) (25 points)
請用經濟學評論以下的觀點。(請勿長篇大論。)
1.一家傘店的門口寫著「晴天九折，雨天沒折」，可見老闆是個沒有良心的人，趁雨天
剝削消費者。
2.百貨公司很沒誠意，周年慶推出的商品還限量，結果造成消費者大排長龍購買。
3.對於台灣的企業紛紛來到東南亞設廠的現象值得我們憂心，因為當東南亞國家的生產
技術超越我們的時候，就不會再進口台灣的產品了。
4.為了配合節能減碳的政策，政府鼓勵民眾大車換小車，所以對大車的購買課稅，對小車
的購買進行補貼，以達到減少汽油量，節約能源的效果。
5.請解釋何謂消費上的替代品與生產上的替代品，並舉一例說明該兩產品該兩產品在消費
上是替代品但卻是生產上的互補品。
6.請證明需求曲線上總收益(TR)最大之處價格彈性為1。
三、計算題(Caculations) (40 points)
1.(8points)
a. b.小題請計算一階微分，c.小題請求出函數的極大值以及相對應的x值。
a.(2 points) f(x)=(3x^2+4x)(x-5)
b.(2 points) f(x)=(2x^3-3x^2+1)/(x+5)
c.(4 points) f(x)=(21-3x)(x+3)
2.(8 points)Scientists conjectured that guman could get seriously desease from
eating meat from cows affected by the "mad cow" disease. Government removes
the import restriction of American beef which was doubted to be infected by
"mad cow disease" recently. Draw a graph if necessary.
a.(2 points)What's the impact of chicken market equilibrium if you have enough
reliable information to tell the origin of beef?
b.(3 points)Please analyze the short-run effect of this situation on the
market equilibrium of chicken if you cannot tell the origin of beef.
c.(3 points)(Continuing with b.)What's the long-run effect of the equilibrium
of chicken market.
3.(4 points)米妮到百貨公司買衣服從來不問價錢，每次都是買兩件;黛西買衣服也從來
不問價錢，每次都是買1000元。請問她們對衣服的需求彈性是否相同?若不同，請求出
兩人對衣服的價格彈性分別是多少。
4.(20 points)日治時期的台灣，糖業是很重要的產業，若糖的市場中有A、B兩類消費者
，需求函數分別為q(d A)=480-60P以及q(d B)=480-80P;
市場上亦有兩家糖廠，其供給函數分別為q(s 1)=40P-20、q(s 2)=20P-20。其中
P為價格，q為數量。
a.(2 points)請求出市場的需求函數與供給函數。
b.(4 points)(承上題)請求出在市場均衡之下兩家糖廠分別供應多少產量?
兩類消費者分別購買多少數量?
c.(2 points)(承上題)地方士紳向總督府反映糖價太貴，因此政府訂出價格上限為6元，
請問此政策是否為有效的政策?對糖的市場均衡有何影響?
d.(4 points)(承b小題)若總督府想要增加財政收入，對每斤糖課徵1元的從量稅，請問政
府可增加多少稅收?課稅造成的社會成本有多大?
e.(3 points)(承b小題)若總督府改課徵10%的從價稅，請計算稅後的市場均衡價格、廠商
收到的價格以及市場交易量。(四捨五入到小數第二位)
f.(2 points)(承b小題)若當時國際市場的糖價為低於國內市場均衡價2元，則有貿易商
開始進口糖，總督府為避免國內糖廠受到國際糖價太大的影響，對於進口的糖每斤課以
1元的從量關稅，則進口數量為何?
g.(3 points)(承上題)若總督府改以進口配額的方式取代關稅，配額量(Quota)定為課徵
關稅下的進口量，如此不影響f小題求出的市場均衡結果。但貿易商必須向總督府購買
許可證才能進口糖，請問貿易商最多願意花多少錢購買許可證?(Hint: 許可證許可證的
價格超過多少錢時，貿易商寧可不做生意?)
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