課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習二
課程性質︰必修/A5通識
課程教師︰陳明郎
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰98.05.15
考試時限（分鐘）：09:10-12:10 (180mins)
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一.是非題(60%)
(請先回答對或錯，再說明其原因。)
1.一般而言，卡特爾(cartel)成員間的私下協定是違法的。也就是說，如果卡特爾成員私
下議定較高的商品價格，則政府將以違反公平交易法起訴這些廠商。而工會正是一種卡
特爾組織，因此，不管是(美國)法律或是政府，多不鼓勵工會的設立。
2.「失業津貼」在於讓勞工處於失業時，有一份收入對抗失業。此舉，讓勞工在工作時無
後顧之憂，更加努力工作，從而提高勞動的生產力。因此，失業保險津貼的設計，有助
於降低失業率。
3.若法定準備率是10%，當銀行接受一筆存款10,000元時，則可以引申出100,000元的放款
。
4.法定準備是中央銀行依據法令授權，以法令規定銀行要求提存的最低準備金。由於有法
源保障，對金融體系具有立竿見影的效果，所以是中央銀行最常見的貨幣政策工具。
5.通貨膨脹對債權人不利，但對債權人是有利的，因為債務人必須負擔較高的利率。
6.過去20年，西班牙經歷了高通貨膨脹，而日本卻發生低通貨膨脹。根據購買力平價說
(Purchasing-power parity)理論，日圓所能買到的西班牙貨幣將因此減少。
7.When a nation A is running a trade surplus, it is selling more good and
services to foreign countries than what it is buying from them. Under this
condition, capital is flowing into country A.
8.Other thing being the same, the purchase of a U.S. government bond by a
resident in Singapore increases U.S. net capital outflows and decrease
Singapore's net capital outflows.
9.When the central bank of some country prints a larger amount of money, that
country's currency loses values in terms of both goods and services it buys
and the amount of foreign currencies it can buy.
10.Inflation induces people to spend more resources in maintaining lower money
holgings. The cost of doing this called shoeleather costs.
11.According to the Law of Supply and Demand: The price of any good adjust to
bring the quantity suppiled and quantity demended for that good into
balance. Thus, we can infer that when the labor marker is in equilibrium,
the economy's natural rate of umemployment should be equal to zero.
12.Money has three functions in the economy: It is a medium of exchange, a
unit of account, and a liquidity.
13.When you read that the billionaire Bill Gates has a lot of money, you know
what that means: He is so rich that he can buy almost anything he wants. In
this sense, the term money is used to mean wealth. So we can infer that: As
banks create money, they create wealth.
14.In the months of November and December, people in the United Stated hold a
larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to
shop and travel for the holidays. As a result, other things being the same,
the money supply increases.
15.According to the classical dichotomy, in the long run nominal variables are
heavily influenced by developments in the monetary system, and real
variables are not.
二.計算題(45%)
1.考慮一經濟體系存在兩個金融市場－金融業勞動市場與製造業勞動市場。其中，兩個勞
動市場既無工會的存在也無最低工資法施行。請(繪圖)分析：
(1)政府通過立法規定製造業勞動市場享有最低工資的保障，此舉將對金融體系(兩部門
的工資、就業)有何影響？ (5%)
(2)何謂Insider-Outsider理論？ (2%)
(3)題(1)之分析是否符合Insider-Outsider理論？請解釋原因。 (3%)
2.NTU銀行之資產負債表如下：(15%)
資產負債表(單位:億元)
資產 負債
準備金 435 活期存款 3350
放款 2685 股東權益 90
公債 370 央行融通 60
固定資產 10
假設中央銀行規定活期存款法定準備率為10%。請回答下列問題：
(1)該銀行的超額準備為何？
(2)假定其他銀行只持有法定準備作為準備金(即不持有任何超額準備)，若NTU決定降低
其準備金至法定準備，此舉將造成經濟體系的貨幣供給餘額增加多少？
(3)承(2)，央行宣布降息(調降活期存款準備率)兩碼，此舉將造成經濟體系的貨幣供給
餘額增加多少？
3.假定台灣的咖啡豆市場均衡價格原先為台幣300元，美國的咖啡豆市場均衡價格原先為
10美元，一美元可以兌換35元台幣。
(1)請利用供需理論分別描繪一開始台灣與美國之咖啡豆市場均衡[有2個市場]； (5%)
(2)請利用套利(arbitrage)的過程描繪國際市場的均衡。 (5%)
4.(Effect of inflation) Consider an economy composed only two people: Alan, a
bean farmer, and Bob, a rice farmer. Alan and Bob both always consume equal
amount of rice and beans. In 2007, the price of beans was $5 and the price
of rice was $10. (10%)
(1)Suppose that in 2008 the price of beans was $10 and the price of rice was
$20. What was the inflation rate? Was Bob better off by change in price?
(2)Now, suppose that in 2008 the price of beans was $10 and the price of rice
was $5. What was the inflation rate? Was Bob better off by change in
price?
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