課程名稱︰經濟學原理一
課程性質︰必修兼A5通識
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：管院/社科院
開課系所︰國企系/財金系/經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰99/01/11
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、選擇題
1. On a 100-acre farm, a farmer is able to produce 3,000 bushels of wheat when
he hires 2 workers. He is able to produce 4,400 bushels of wheat when he
hires 3 workers. Which of the following possibilities with the property of
diminishing marginal product?
(a) The farmer is able to produce 5,600 bushels of wheat when he hires 4
workers.
(b) The farmer is able to produce 5,800 bushels of wheat when he hires 4
workers.
(c) The farmer is able to produce 6,000 bushels of wheat when he hires 4
workers.
(d) Any of the above could be correct.
2. When new firms have an incentive to enter a competitive market, their entry
will
(a) increase the price of the product.
(b) drive down profits of existing firms in the market.
(c) shift the market supply curve to the left.
(d) increase demand for the market.
3. When firms in a perfectly competitive market face the same costs, in the
long run they must be operating
(a) under diseconomies of scale.
(b) with small, but positive, levels of profit.
(c) at their effcient scale.
(d) where price is equal to average fixed cost.
4. Selling a good at a price determined by the intersection of the demand
curve and the marginal curve is consistent with the (i) socially-optimal
level of output. (ii) market solution for profit-maximizing competitive
firms. (iii) market solution for a profit-maximizing monopoly.
(a) (i) and (ii) only
(b) (ii) and (iii) only
(c) (i) and (iii) only
(d) (i), (ii), and (iii)
5. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) The benefits the accrue to a monopoly's owners are equal to the costs
that are incurred by the consumers of that firm's product.
(b) The deadweight loss that arises in monopoly stems from the fact that
the profit-maximizing monopoly firm produces a quantity of output that
exceeds the socially-effcient quantity.
(c) The deadweight loss caused by a monopoly is similar to the deadweight
loss caused by a tax on a product.
(d) The primary social problem caused by monopoly is monopoly profit.
6. Consider a profit-maximizing monopoly pricing under the following
conditions. The profit-maximizing price charged for goods produced is $12.
The intersection if the marginal revenue and marginal cost curves occurs
where output is 10 units and marginal cost is $6. The socially effcient
level of production is 12 units. The demand curve and the marginal cost
curves are linear. What is the deadweight loss?
(a) $4 (b) $6 (c) $12 (d) $16
7. Suppose a monopolist has a demand curve that can be expressed as P=90-Q.
The monopolist's marginal revenue curve can be expressed as MR=90-2Q.
The monopolist has a constent marginal costs and average total costs of
$10. The profit-maximizing monopolist will charge a price of
(a) $50 (b) $40 (c) $20 (d) $10
8. If a monopolist is able to perfectly price discriminate,
(a) consumer surplus is always increased.
(b) tatal surplus is always decreased.
(c) consumer surplus and deadweight losses are transformed into monopoly
profits.
(d) the price effect dominates the output effect on monopoly profits.
9. To maximize its profit, a monopolistically compeititve firm
(a) takes the price as given and chooses its quantity, just as a
competitive firm does.
(b) takes the price as given and chooses its quantity, just as a
colluding oligopolist does.
(c) chooses its quantity and price, just as a competitive firm does.
(d) chooses its quantity and price, just as a monopoly does.
10. Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can
choose to buy a gallon of milk. The store owners each must make a decision
to set a high milk price or a low milk price. The payoff table, showing
profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as
(Store 1, Store 2). What is the Nash Equilibrium of this price-setting
game?
store 2
───────────────────────
low price high price
store 1 low price (500,500) (800,100)
high price (100.800) (650,650)
───────────────────────
(a) Grocery store 1: Low price; Grocery store 2: Low price.
(b) Grocery store 1: Low price; Grocery store 2: High price.
(c) Grocery store 1: High price; Grocery store 2: Low price.
(d) Grocery store 1: High price; Grocery store 2: High price.
11. Suppose that Sonny and Cher are duopolists in the music industry. In
January, they agree to work together as a monopolist, charging the
monopoly price for their music and producing the monopoly quantity of
songs. By February, each singer is considering breaking the agreement.
What would you expect to happen next?
(a) Sonny and Cher will determine that it is in each singer's best self
interest to maintain the agreement.
(b) Sonny and Cher will each break the agreement. The new equilibrium
quantity of songs will increase, and the new equilibrium price will
decrease.
(c) Sonny and Cher will each break the agreement. The new equilibrium
quantity of songs will decrease, and the new equilibrium price will
increase.
(d) Sonny and Cher will each break the agreement. The new equilibrium
quantity of songs will increase, and the new equilibrium price will
increase.
12. When a firm hires labor up to the point where wage is equal to the value
of the marginal product of labor, it is
(a) minimizing labor costs.
(b) guaranteeing that labor costs do not exceed fixed costs.
(c) maximizing the number of workers it can hire and still experience a
positive profit.
(d) maximizing profit.
13. Consider the market for university economics professors. Suppose the
opportunity cost of going to graduate school to get a Ph.D in economics
decreases for many individuals. Since it generally takes about five years
to get a Ph.D in economics, holding all else constant, what will likely
happen to the equilibrium quantity of university economics professors in
five years?
(a) The equilibrium quantity will increase.
(b) The equilibrium quantity will decrease.
(c) The equilibrium quantity will not change.
(d) It is not possible to determine what will happen to the equilibrium
quantity.
14. Which of the following statements represents the idea behind signaling in
education?
(a) Education can turn an unproductive person into a productive person.
(b) Education increases the marginal productivity of naturally productive
workers.
(c) The more naturally productive people are more inclined to educate
themselves.
(d) All of above are correct.
15. Government programs that take money from high-income people and give it to
low-income people typically
(a) improve economic effciency by reducing poverty.
(b) reduce economic effciency because they distort incentives.
(c) have no effect on economic efficiency because they both reduce poverty
and distort incentives.
(d) sometimes improve, sometimes reduce, and sometimes have no effect on
economic effciency.
二、非選擇題
1. 請回答以下問題。
(a) 就初任人員的的經常性薪資而言,以下哪個行業的平均薪資最高? (1)製造業 (2)
水電燃氣業 (3)住宿與餐飲業 (4)金融保險業 (5)醫療保健服務業 (6)文化運動
與休閒服務業 (7)批發與零售業
(b) 請填增加(上升),減少(下降),或不變.進口關稅降為零將使進口品的價格__(1)__,
社會總剩餘__(2)__,本國廠商的供給量__(3)__,本國廠商的勞動需求__(4)__,該
產業本國勞工的工資__(5)__。
2. 若個別廠商生產稻米之總成本函數(total cost)為TC=(1/5)q^2+5,其中q為個別廠商的
產量。
(a) 廠商之平均成本(AC)和邊際成本(TC)各是什麼?
(b) 假設稻米市場為一完全競爭市場,現在共有880家完全相同的廠商,則市場的供給函
數為何?
(c) 若市場的總需求是Q=4800-200P,則市場的均衡價格和交易量是多少? 個別廠商的
利潤為多少?
(d) 由於某些因素,市場的總需求增為Q=7000-200P。請問,稻米的長期均衡價格和交易
量為何? 每家廠商的利潤為何? 每家廠商的產量為何? 有幾家廠商進入或退出?
3. You live in a town with 300 adults and 200 children, and you are thinking
about putting on a play to entertain your neighbors and make some money. A
play has a fixed cost of $2,000, but selling an extra ticket has zero
marginal cost. Here are the demand schedules for your two types of
customers.
Price Adults Children
─────────────
$10 0 0
$9 100 0
$8 200 0
$7 300 0
$6 300 0
$5 300 100
$4 300 200
$3 300 200
$2 300 200
$1 300 200
─────────────
(a) To maximize profit, what price would you charge for an adult ticket?
For a child's ticket? How much profit do you make?
(b) The city council passes a law prohibiting you from charging different
customers. What price do you set for a ticket now? How much money do
you make?
(c) Who is worse off because of the law prohibiting price discrimination?
Who is better off?
4. 位於Raccoon City的Umbrella企業為H1N1流感疫苗的獨佔廠商,假設它也是唯一一家廠
商,勞動供給完全無彈性,任何工資下都有10,000名Raccoon City市民願到Umbrella企
業上班。假設疫苗的生產函數為Q=2√L,邊際成本函數為MC(Q)=WQ/2,其中L為勞動人數
,W為工資。疫苗的市場需求函數為Q=2400-4P。
(a) 請說明邊際成本函數為MC=WQ/2。(提示:先寫出總成本,再導出邊際成本)
(b) Umbrella企業利潤極大的的產量與定價各是多少? 請以W表示產量與定價。
(c) 承上,此時Umbrella企業會雇用多少勞工? 請以W表示勞動需求量。
(d) 承上,勞動市場達到均衡時,工資為多少? 疫苗的價格與產量各是多少? (Note:因
為不是完全競爭市場,故此時W≠MPL*P)
(e) 假設新聞報導Umbrella企業對待勞工非常苛刻,此消息經批露之後,市場上對疫苗
的需求減少為Q=800-4P,請問消費者的抵制會讓工資提高或減少多少? 疫苗的價格
與產量各是多少?
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