課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修兼A5通識
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰2010/11/12
考試時限（分鐘）：110分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
經濟學原理與實習上
期中考
2010.11.12
一、選擇題(45%):不須說明，寫出正確答案即可。
1.In the early 19th century, the Russian government sent doctors to southern
Russian villages to provide assitance during a cholera epidemic. The villagers
noticed that wherever doctors appeared, people died. Therefore, many doctors
were chased away from villages, and some were even killed.
This reaction to the correlation between doctors and deaths is most likely a
problem of
(a)imitted variables.
(b)reverse causality.
(c)government propaganda.
(d)medical incompetence.
2.When society requires that firms reduce pollution, there is
(a)a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms; owners and workers.
(b)a tradeoff only if some firms are forced to close.
(c)no tradeoff, since the cost of reducing pollution falls only on the firms
affected by the requirement.
(d)no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reduced pollution.
3.Teresa eats three oranges during a particular day. The marginal benefit she
enjoys from eating the third orange
(a)can be thought of as the total benefit Teresa enjoys by eating three oranges
minus the total benefit she would have enjoyed by eating just the first two
oranges.
(b)determines Teresa's willingness to pay for the first, second, and third
oranges.
(c)All of the above are correct.
4.In a certain economy, peanuts and books are produced, and the economy
currently operates on its production possibilities frontier. Which of the
following events would allow the economy to produce more peanuts and more books
,relative to the quantities of those goods that are being produced now?
(a)Unemployed labor is put to work producing peanuts and books.
(b)The economy puts its idle capital to work producing peanuts and books.
(c)The economy experiences economic growth.
(d)All of the above are correct.
5.If Shawn can produce donuts at a lower opportunity cost than Sue, then
(a)Shawn has a conparative advantage in the production of donuts.
(b)Sue has a conparative advantage in the production of donuts.
(c)Shawn should not produce donuts.
(d)Shawn is capable of producing more donuts than Sue in a given amount of time
6.When the price of a good or service changes,
(a)the supply curve shifts in the opposite direction.
(b)the demand curve shifts in the opposite direction.
(c)the demand curve shifts in the same direction.
(d)there is a movement along a given demand curve.
7.For a particular good, a 2 percent increase in price causes a 12 percent
decrease in quantity demanded. Which of the following statements is most likely
applicable to this good?
(a)There are no close substitutes for this good.
(b)The good is a luxury.
(c)The market for the good is broadly defined.
(d)The relevant time horizon is short.
8.A tax imposed on the sellers of a good will
(a)raise the price paid by buyers and lower the equilibrirm quantity.
(b)raise the price paid by buyers and raise the equilibrium quantity.
(c)raise the effective price received by sellers and lower the equilibrium
quantity.
(d)raise the effective price received by sellers and raise the equilibrium
quantity.
9.Denise values a stainless steel dishwasher for her new house at $500. The
actual price of the dishwasher is $650. Denise
(a)buys the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer surplus
of $150.
(b)buys the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer surplus
of $-150.
(c)does not buy the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer
surplus of $150.
(d)does not buy the dishwasher, and on her purchase she experiences a consumer
surplus of $0.
10.Suppose a country abandons a no-trade policy in favor of a free-trade policy
.If, as a result, the domestic price of pistachios decreases to equal the world
price of pistachios, then
(a)that country becomes an importer of pistachios.
(b)that country has a comparative advantage in producing pistachios.
(c)at the world price, the quantity of pistachios supplied in that country
exceeds the quantity of pistachios demanded in that country.
(d)All of the above are correct.
11.Suppose that cigarette smokers create a negative externality. Further
suppose that the government imposes a tax on cigarettes to the per-unit
externality. What is the relationship between the afger-tax equilibrium
quantity and the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes?
(a)They are equal.
(b)The after-tax equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal
quantity.
(c)The after-tax equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal
quantity.
(d)There is not enough information to answer the question.
12.Which of the following quantities decrease in response to a tax on a good?
(a)the equilibrium quantity in the market for the good, the effictive price
of the good paid by buyers, and consumers surplus
(b)the equilibrium quantity in the market for the good, producers surplus, and
the well-being of buyers of the good
(c)the effective price received by sellers, and consumers surplus
(d)None of the above is necessarily correct unless we know whether the tax is
levies on buyers or on sellers.
13.David walks Carolyn's dog once a day for $50 per week. Carolyn values this
service at $60 per week, while the opportunity cost of David's time is $30 per
week. The government places a tax of $35 per week on dog walkers. After the tax
, what is the loss in total surplus?
(a)$50.
(b)$30.
(c)$25.
(d)$0.
14.If demand is price inelastic, then when price rises,
(a)total revenue will fall.
(b)total revenue will rise.
(c)total revenue will remain unchanged.
(d)total revenue may rise, fall, or remain unchanged. More information is need
to determine the change in total revenue with certainty.
15.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the imposition of
a price ceiling on the market for milk?
(a)Policymakers have studied the effects of the price ceiling carefully, and
they recognize that the price ceiling is advantageous for society as a whole
(b)Buyers of milk, recognizing that the price ceiling is good for them, have
pressured ppolicymakers into imposing the price ceiling.
(c)Sellers of milk, recognizing that the price ceiling is good for them, have
pressured policymakers into imposing the price ceiling.
(d)Buyers and sellers of milk have agreed that the price ceiling is good for
both of them and have therefore pressured policymakers into imposing the
price ceiling.
二、非選擇題(55%):
答題時請適當說明你的想法，計算題請說明推理過程，答案內容以讓批改者了解為原則。
1.(10%)請根據下列敘述回答問題。
(a)(5%)(是非題)假設某社會只生產電腦和稻米，且其生產可能線為直線。如果生產電腦
的技術變得更進步，這表示生產每部電腦的成本也增加了。
(b)(5%)勞退新制實施後規定雇主每月需額外提撥薪資的6%作為員工的退休金，這會使得
雇主的雇用成本上升。給定其他情況不變，如果此時你觀察到員工薪水平均也下降6%
，請問你認為勞動市場中雇主和員工誰的價格彈性較大?
2.(15%)假設台灣菸酒公賣局是台灣香菸市場唯一的供給者，公賣局以每包香菸$30的統一
價格供給香菸。另外香菸市場的需求為Q^D = 120 - P。
(a)(3%)請計算均衡的價格與數量。社會總剩餘又是多少?
(b)(4%)若政府此時實施數量管制，市場上總共販售的香菸不得超過70單位。請問政府應該
課多少的單位稅額始能達成目標?此時總剩餘為多少?
(c)(4%)現在政府改採對消費者客從量稅，藉此限制香菸市場成交量為70單位。請問政府應
該課多少的單位稅額始能達成目標?此時總剩餘為多少?
(d)(4%)若有不法業者由國外走私一模一樣的香菸賣到台灣，而走私香菸的供給為
Q^f = 4P。假設政府無法阻止民眾購買私菸，請畫出香菸市場的總供給線，並求出
此時香菸市場的均衡數量與價格。
3.(15%)桃花源的桃子供給為Q^S = 2P，需求為Q^D = 300 - P。武陵人愛吃桃子，願意以
$140向桃花源購買任意數量的桃子。
(a)(3%)請問桃子的均衡價格和產量各為何?桃花源人消費多少桃子?多少桃子出口至武陵?
(b)(3%)假設武陵政府為了保護武陵的桃子產業，決定對進口桃子課每單位$20的關稅。
請問均衡時桃子的價格和產量各為何?桃花源人消費多少桃子?多少桃子出口至武陵
(c)(6%)承上題，比較無關稅和有關稅兩種情況，武陵的關稅政策對桃花源的消費者剩餘、
生產者剩餘、總剩餘各有什麼影響?影響有多大?
(d)(3%)承上題，假設武陵政府取消關稅，改用進口配額，限制桃花源最多只能賣90單位
的桃子到武陵。請問均衡時桃子的產地價格和產量各為何?桃花源人消費多少桃子
?多少桃子出口至武陵?
4.(15%)袁老闆生產棉被，為他帶來40萬元的效益。然而，生產棉被時會產生噪音，噪音
對隔壁的春花診所造成50萬元損害。如果袁老闆停止生產棉被，就不會產生噪音，此時
袁老闆的效益為0。
(a)(2%)經濟的角度，袁老闆是否應該生產棉被?
(b)(2%)政府認為噪音產生外部傷害，因此決定課徵噪音稅50萬元，袁老闆一旦製造噪音
就會被課稅，請問課徵噪音稅的結果是否有效率?
(c)(4%)承上題，假設袁老闆可以花30萬元改用不會產生噪音的設備。請問課徵噪音稅的
結果是否有效率?
(d)(4%)承上題，再假設春花診所可花20萬元加裝隔音牆，免除噪音的傷害(然而，噪音
依舊存在，只是沒有人會受到傷害)。請問課徵噪音稅的結果是否有效率?
(e)(3%)承上題，如果政府取消噪音稅，但規定春華診所有免於噪音的權利，袁老闆必須
取得春華診所的同意方能進行生產。請問此一政策改變是否能達到有效率的結果?
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 140.112.30.96