課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修 /通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰102.11.07
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
請記得寫上學號、系級、姓名, 作答時請標清楚題號。
一、選擇題(45%): 不需說明, 寫出正確答案即可。
1. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) A free rider is a person who benefits from something for which he does not
have to pay.
(b) The creation of general knowledge is a public good.
(c) The Tragedy of the Commons illustrates the underuse of a common resource.
(d) A gasoline tax is an imperfect solution to the problemof traffic congestion
on public roads.
2. Vertical equity in taxation refers to the idea that people
(a) in unequal conditions should be treated differently.
(b) in equal conditions should pay equal taxes.
(c) should be taxed according to their age and experience.
(d) should receive government benefits according to how much they have been
taxed.
3. Suppose Jack values an ice cream at $4. Dianne values an ice cream at $6.
The pre-tax price of an ice cream is $2. The government imposes a“fat tax”of
$3 on each ice cream, and the price rises to $5. The deadweight loss from the
tax is
(a) $1 (b) $2 (c) $3 (d) $4.
4. Assume that average cost for producing 12 units is $60. If the marginal cost
of the 13th unit is $52, then
(a) marginal cost is declining.
(b) marginal cost is rising.
(c) average cost is declining.
(d) average cost is rising.
5.The market price in a perfectly competitive industry in short-run equilibrium
is $3, and the minimum average cost for all firms is $2.5. In the long run,
we would expect an increase in
(a) each firm’s output.
(b) the number of firms.
(c) each firm’s profit.
(d) each firm’s average costs.
6. Individual firms in perfectly competitive markets are price takers because
(a) the government sets all prices.
(b) buyers set prices.
(c) firms decide together on the best prices to change.
(d) each individual firm is too small to affect the market price.
7. Price discrimination
(a) is practiced only by firms with some monopoly power to determine prices.
(b) refers to the practice of selling different good at different prices to
different customers.
(c) occurs when a company charges a higher price for high-cost goods than for
low-cost goods.
(d) is always illegal.
8. Which of the following conditions tells monopolistic competition from
perfect competition?
(a) number of sellers
(b) freedom of entry and exit
(c) small size firms
(d) differentiation of product
9. For a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm, price exceeds
marginal cost
(a) in the short run but not in the long run.
(b) in the long run but not in the short run.
(c) in both the short run and the long run.
(d) in neither the short run nor the long run.
10. Cartel agreements tend to be unstable because
(a) cartel agreements tend to lower profits.
(b) a firm can increase its profits by cheating on the agreement.
(c)agreements become unnecessary as the number of firms in the cartel increases.
(d) cutting output and raising prices will benefit each firm in the cartel.
11. Sally runs a hair styling salon. Sally is a profit-maximizing owner whose
firm operates in a competitive market. The marginal cost of a haircut is $11.
What is the maximum wage that Sally will pay her stylists?
(a) less than $11 per haircut
(b) $11 per haircut
(c) more than $11 haircut
(d) There is insufficient information to answer this question.
12.Suppose that due to flooding in Louisiana, 100,000 farmers relocate from
Louisiana to Texas.Assuming that land and labor are complements in a farming
production function, what would happen to the wages earned by workers and
the rents earned by landowners in Texas?
(a) Both wages and rents would increase.
(b) Both wages and rents would decrease.
(c) Wages would increase, and rents would decrease.
(d) Wages would decrease, and rents would increase.
13.Empirical research that does not account for differences in the
productivities of workers
(a) is unlikely to find evidence of wage differentials.
(b) can provide strong evidence of labor market discrimination.
(c) is likely to misinterpret apparent evidence of labor market discrimination.
(d) is accepted as superior to empirical work that does correct for differences
in productivity of workers.
14. Which of the following statements is characteristic of libertarianism?
(a) An extra dollar of income provides higher marginal utility to a poor person
than to a rich person.
(b) Social policies should be created behind a “veil of ignorance.”
(c) Society should strive to maximize the utility of its wealthiest member.
(d) Equality of opportunity is more important than equality of incomes.
15. Which of the following Gini coefficients represents the closest income
distribution to being equal?
(a) 0.4218 (b) 0.2294 (c) 0.3367 (d) 0.5136
二、非選擇題(55%): 答題時請適當說明你的想法, 答案內容以讓批改者瞭解為原則。
1. (10%)請簡要回答以下問題。
(a) (5%)
假設蛋塔市場是競爭市場, 原來處於長期均衡的狀態。某天不知因為什麼緣故,蛋塔的市
場需求大幅增加。請問新的長期均衡價格是否有可能高於原來的均衡價格? 為什麼?
(b) (5%)
桃花源的棉被產業是完全競爭市場,而武陵的棉被產業是壟斷性競爭市場。假設兩地的棉
被總產量相同,所有廠商的成本結構也都相同。請問在長期均衡時,哪個地方生產棉被的總
成本較高? 哪個地方的廠商數較多?
2. (15%)
桃花源有兩個漁夫:老陶和春花。他們各自正在考慮是否要興建燈塔。如果桃花源有燈塔,
老陶可以得到相當於50萬元的好處,而春花可以得到100萬元的好處。但如果兩人都建了燈
塔,也就是桃花源有兩座燈塔時, 他們從燈塔得到的好處並不會增加。假設興建燈塔的成
本為X 萬元( X > 0 ), 老陶和春花無法阻止另一人使用燈塔。
(a) (2%)
請問燈塔對老陶和春花兩人來說是私有財, 公共財, 還是共有資源?
(b) (4%)
請用賽局矩陣描述本題情境。
(c) (4%)
請問X 在什麼範圍, 在Nash均衡時, 桃花源一定會有燈塔? 燈塔將由誰來建造?
(d) (2%)
承上題, 從效率的觀點, 此時桃花源是否應該要有燈塔?
(e) (3%)
請問X 在什麼範圍,在Nash均衡時,桃花源會有搭便車(free-rider)的問題(也就是說, 根據
效率的觀點桃花源應該興建燈塔, 但均衡時卻沒有人願意建燈塔)?
3. (15%)
春花公司是桃花源棉被產業的獨占廠商, 其總成本函數為TC(q) = 20q + 100, q 為春花
公司的棉被產量。桃花源的棉被需求為Q = 100-2P。
(a) (4%)
請問均衡時桃花源的棉被價格和產量各是多少? 春花公司的利潤是多少? 棉被市場的無
謂損失是多少?
(b) (4%)
假設政府對棉被生產者課每單位棉被$10的從量稅。請計算此時棉被的均衡價格、產量,
以及棉被市場的無謂損失。
(c) (4%)
假設政府取消對棉被生產者課稅,改對消費者課每單位棉被$10的從量稅。請計算此時棉
被的均衡價格、產量, 以及棉被市場的無謂損失。
(d) (3%)
假設對消費者或生產者課稅的行政成本(administrative burden) 相同。請分別從消費者
、生產者和效率的角度, 說明(b)、(c)兩種課稅方式有何差異。
4. (15%)
T 國勞工可以選擇在T 國勞動市場工作, 或是到F 國外勞市場工作。然而, T 國勞工必須
透過仲介公司才能到F 國工作, 市場中只有這一家仲介公司。此外, 在F 國工作的T 國
勞工(外勞) 適用F 國的最低工資, 而T 國勞動市場沒有最低工資管制。
下圖描述兩個勞動市場的供需,其中w 為F國的最低工資水準。
圖:http://imgur.com/qOupCA3
(a) (2%)
仲介公司最多可以向每單位外勞收取多少仲介費? 此時,外勞實際得到的工資是多少?
(b) (9%)
假設F國政府決定降低最低工資水準至w,其中Wo < w < w_
將上圖複製到你的答案卷上,並用文字和圖形說明F國降低外勞最低工資對以下各項的影響。
請注意: 你必須考慮F國降低最低工資水準對T國勞動市場的影響。
‧ 兩個勞動市場中, T國勞工實際得到的工資
‧ 在F國工作的T國勞工數量
‧ 仲介公司對每單位外勞收取的仲介費
(c) (4%)
如果F 國政府降低最低工資水準, 以下誰將是受益者? 誰又是受害者? 請考慮:
(1) 在T 國勞動市場工作的勞工,
(2) 在F 國工作的T 國勞工,
(3) 雇用外勞的F 國廠商,
(4) 仲介公司。
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※ 編輯: d3osef 來自: 111.243.91.105 (12/11 00:14)