課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修 / 通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰97.11.14
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
請在答案卷上清楚地標明題號。
一、單選題, 回答正確選項即可, 不需說明。 每題3分, 共45分。
1.Based on what we know about the effects of mandatory seat belt laws, which of
the following groups would be most likely to organize a campaign to repeal
those laws?
(a) Owners of collision-repair shops.
(b) People who walk rather than drive.
(c) Policemen who have better things to do than investigate collisions.
(d) All of the above are correct.
2.Which of the following is an example of a positive statement?
(a) Prices rise when the government prints too much money.
(b) If welfare payments increase, the world will be a better place.
(c) Inflation is more harmful to the economy than is unemployment.
(d) When public policies are evaluated, the benefits to the economy of improved
equity should be considered more important than the costs of reduced
efficiency.
3.In a certain economy, peanuts and books are produced, and the economy currently operates on its production possibilities frontier. Which of the following events would allow the economy to produce more peanuts and more books, relative to the quantities of those goods that are being produced now?
(a) Unemployed labor is put to work producing peanuts and books.
(b) The economy puts its idle capital to work producing peanuts and books.
(c) The economy experiences economic growth.
(d) All of the above are correct.
4.Belarus has a comparative advantage in the production of linen, but Russia has an absolute advantage in the production of linen. If these two countries decide to trade,
(a) Belarus should export linen to Russia.(b) Russia should export linen to
Belarus.
(c) trading linen would provide no net advantage to either country.
(d) Without additional information about opportunity costs, this question
cannot be answered.
5.An increase in the price of rubber coincides with an advance in the
technology of tire production. As a result of these two events,
(a) the demand for tires increases and the supply of tires decreases.
(b) the supply of tires decreases and the demand for tires is unaffected.
(c) the supply of tires increases and the demand for tires is unaffected.
(d) none of the above is necessarily correct.
6.What will happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of traditional camera film if traditional cameras become more expensive, digital cameras become cheaper, the cost of the resources needed to manufacture traditional film falls and more firms decide to manufacture traditional film?
(a) Price will fall and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
(b) Price will rise and the effect on quantity is ambiguous.
(c) Quantity will fall and the effect on price is ambiguous.
(d) The effect on both price and quantity is ambiguous.
7.When quantity demanded has increased at every price, it might be because
(a) the number of buyers in the market has decreased.
(b) income has increased and this good is an inferior good.
(c) the consumer prefers another good more than this good.
(d) the price of a substitute good has increased.
8.Which of the following events would unambiguously cause a decrease in the
equilibrium price of cotton shirts?
(a) an increase in the price of wool shirts and a decrease in the price of raw
cotton.
(b) a decrease in the price of wool shirts and a decrease in the price of raw
cotton.
(c) an increase in the price of wool shirts and an increase in the price of raw
cotton.
(d) a decrease in the price of wool shirts and an increase in the price of raw
cotton.
9.Suppose that when the price of corn is $2 per bushel, farmers can sell 10
million bushels. When the price of corn is $3 per bushel, farmers can sell
8 million bushels. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) The demand for corn is income inelastic, and so an increase in the price of
corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
(b) The demand for corn is income elastic, and so an increase in the price of
corn will lincrease the total revenue of corn farmers.
(c) The demand for corn is price inelastic, and so an increase in the price of
corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
(d) The demand for corn is price elastic, and so an increase in the price of
corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
10.Suppose the government has imposed a price ceiling on televisions.
Which of the following events could transform the price ceiling from one
that is not binding into one that is binding?
(a) Firms take advantage of an advance in technology that reduces the amount of
labor necessary to produce televisions.
(b) The number of firms selling televisions decreases.
(c) Consumers’ income decreases, and televisions are a normal good.
(d) All of the above are correct.
11.Orange juice and apple juice are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply
reduces the orange harvest would
(a) increase consumer surplus in the market for orange juice and decrease
producer surplus in the market for apple juice.
(b) increase consumer surplus in the market for orange juice and increase
producer surplus in the market for apple juice.
(c) decrease consumer surplus in the market for orange juice and increase
producer surplus in the market for apple juice.
(d) decrease consumer surplus in the market for orange juice and decrease
producer surplus in the market for apple juice.
12.Buyers of a good bear the larger share of the tax burden when a tax is
placed on a product for which
(a) the supply is more elastic than the demand.
(b) the demand in more elastic than the supply.
(c) the tax is placed on the sellers of the product.
(d) the tax is placed on the buyers of the product.
13.An inefficiency exists in any economy when a good is
(a) not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.
(b) not distributed fairly among buyers.
(c) not being produced by the highest-cost producer.
(d) being produced with less than all available resources.
14.
Suppose that Company A’s railroad cars pass through Farmer B’s corn fields.
The railroad causes an externality to the farmer because the railroad cars emit
sparks that cause $1,500 in damage to the farmer’s crops. There is a special
soy-based grease that the railroad could purchase that would eliminate the
damaging sparks. The grease costs $1,200. Suppose that the railroad is not
liable for any damage caused to the crops. Assume that there are no transaction
costs. Which of the followingcharacterizes the efficient outcome?
(a) The railroad will continue to operate but will pay the farmer $1,500 in
damages.
(b) The railroad will purchase the grease for $1,200 and pay the farmer
nothing because no crop damage will occur.
(c) The farmer will incur $1,500 in damages to his crops.
(d) The farmer will pay the railroad $1,200 to purchase the grease so that no
crop damage will occur.
15.Suppose that an MBA degree creates no externality because the benefits of
an MBA are internalized by the student in the form of higher wages. If the
government offers subsidies for MBAs, then which of the following statements
is correct?
(a) The equilibrium quantity of MBAs will equal the socially
optimal quantity of MBAs.
(b) The equilibrium quantity of MBAs will be greater than the socially
optimal quantity of MBAs.
(c) The equilibrium quantity of MBAs will be less than the socially
optimal quantity of MBAs.
(d) There is not enough information to answer the question.
二、非選擇題, 共55分。
答題時請務必簡潔, 並適當說明你的想法, 答案以能讓閱卷者瞭解為原則。
1. (10分) 請回答以下問題。
(a)(5分)
請分別由供給面和需求面說明, 為什麼近年來世界各國等候器官移植的人越來越多?
(b)(5分)
課本第七章討論市場效率時, 說明市場均衡由「消費者剩餘」和「生產者剩餘」所構成
的「總剩餘」達到最大, 此時市場是 efficient。 請問, 上述推論過程中, 我們認為
「剩餘」(surplus) 具有哪三種特性?
2.(15分) 假設梨子的供給為Qs =0.5P+100, 需求為Qd = -4.5P+300。
(a)(2分)
均衡價格與數量為何?
(b)(1分)
如果不管市價多少, 政府保證收購50單位, 請問政府對梨子需求的價格彈性是多少?
(c)(4分)
承上, 在政府保證收購50單位的政策下, 均衡價格是多少? 交易量是多少?
其中有多少單位為消費者購買? 政府收購支出是多少?
(d)(4分)
假設政府放棄保證收購政策, 改用補貼政策, 消費者每買 1 單位的梨子, 可以得到 $20
補貼, 請問消費者付出的價格, 農夫收到的價格, 和梨子的交易量各是多少?
此時政府的補貼支出為多少?
(e)(2分)
承 (d) 小題, 相較於沒有補貼的情況, 請問 deadweight loss 有多少?
(f)(2分)
若政府取消補貼政策, 認為台灣的梨子太多, 為抑制梨子產業, 改對農夫課稅,
每賣出1單位梨子, 要課 $20 的稅。 請問 deadweight loss 有多少?
與上一小題答案是否相同?
3.(15分) 假設香蕉的供給為Qs =0.5P+100, 需求為Qd= -4.5P+300。
(a)(3分)
假設國際市場上香蕉的價格為$20, 若香蕉可以自由進出口, 請畫出新的國內供給。
此時, 台灣會進口多少香蕉? 國內香蕉價格是多少?
(b)(4分)
承上, 開放進口後, 政府為了保護蕉農, 對香蕉進口課關稅, 每進口1單位香蕉課$10 關稅,
請畫出新的國內供給線。 台灣會進口多少香蕉? 國內香蕉價格是多少?
政府關稅收入是多少? 與 (a) 小題相比 deadwight loss 是多少?
(c)(4分)
假設開放進口後, 政府為了保護蕉農, 不課關稅, 改成進口配額限制為50單位。
請畫出新的國內供給線。 請問台灣會進口多少香蕉? 國內香蕉價格是多少?
與 (a) 小題相比 deadweight loss 是多少?
(d)(1分)
承 (c) 小題, 若政府將進口配額拍賣, 請問代理商最多願意為每單位進口配額付多少錢?
(e)(3分)
若政府將進口配額放寬到100單位, 請問台灣會進口多少香蕉? 國內香蕉價格是多少?
與 (a) 小題相比 deadweight loss 是多少?
4.(15分) 林園工業區有三家工廠, 其目前污染量和降低污染的成本如下:
目前 降低1單位
廠商 污染量 污染所需成本
甲廠商 50 單位 $35
乙廠商 70 單位 $45
丙廠商 90 單位 $50
為了拯救地球, 政府想要將林園工業區的總污染量降為150單位,
因此發給每家廠商50單位之可以交易的污染許可 (tradable pollution permit)。
請問:
(a)(4分)
完成污染許可交易之後, 每個廠商各排放多少污染?
(b)(4分)
哪些廠商將出售污染許可, 賣出多少? 哪些廠商購買污染許可, 買進多少?
(c)(3分)
此時, 三家廠商共花多少成本來降低污染?
(d)(4分)
有人主張人類沒有污染環境的權力, 要求政府禁止污染許可的交易。
假設政府真的禁止廠商之間污染許可的交易, 那麼三家廠商用於降低污染的總成本為多少?
較 (c) 小題的總成本高或低多少?
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※ 編輯: d3osef 來自: 111.243.121.194 (12/13 22:57)