課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習下
課程性質︰必修 / 通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰99.06.18
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
請在答案卷上清楚標明題號。
一、單選題, 回答正確選項即可, 不需說明。 每題3分, 共45分。
1. According to the quantity equation, the price level would change less than
proportionately with a rise in the money supply if there were also
(a) either a rise in output or a rise in velocity.
(b) either a rise in output or a fall in velocity.
(c) either a fall in output or a rise in velocity.
(d) either a fall in output or a fall in velocity.
2. Suppose that in some tax year you earned a nominal interest rate of 4
percent. During the time you held these funds inflation was 1 percent.
You compute that you made a real after-tax interest rate of 2 percent.
What was your tax rate?
(a) 50 percent
(b) 33.3 percent
(c) 25 percent
(d) None of the above are correct.
3. A Japanese firm buys lumber from the United States and pays for it with yen.
Other things the same, Japanese
(a) net exports increase, and U.S. net capital outflow increases.
(b) net exports increase, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases.
(c) net exports decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow increases.
(d) net exports decrease, and U.S. net capital outflow decreases.
4. If the real exchange rate is pounds of Chilean beef per pound of U.S. beef,
a pound of U.S. beef costs $2 and the nominal exchange rate is 500 Chilean
pesos per dollar, then Chilean beef costs
(a) 1,250 pesos per pound.
(b) 800 pesos per pound
(c) 250 pesos per pound.
(d) None of the above is correct.
5. A Big Mac in Japan costs 240 yen while it costs $3 in the U.S.. The nominal
exchange rate is 100 yen per dollar. Which of the following would both make
the real exchange rate move towards purchasing-power parity?
(a) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. falls, the nominal exchange rate falls
(b) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. falls, the nominal exchange rate rises
(c) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. rises, the nominal exchange rate falls
(d) the price of Big Macs in the U.S. rises, the nominal exchange rate rises
6. Suppose that the U.S. imposes an import quota on lumber. The quota makes the
real exchange rate of the U.S. dollar
(a) appreciate but does not change the real interest rate in the United States.
(b) appreciate and the real interest rate in the United States increase.
(c) depreciate and the real interest rate in the United States decrease.
(d) depreciate but does not change the real interest rate in the United States.
7. Which of the following is most likely to increase U.S. exports?
(a) The government gives subsidies to U.S. firms that export goods or services.
(b) The government reduces the size of the budget surplus.
(c) The United States unilaterally reduces its restrictions on foreign imports.
(d) Taxes on domestic saving rise.
8. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp increase
in the minimum wage as well as an increase in pessimism about future
business conditions, then we would expect that in the short-run,
(a) real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
(b) real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
(c) the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
(d) the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
9. In which case can we be sure aggregate demand shifts left overall?
(a) people want to save more for retirement and the government raises taxes
(b) people want to save more for retirement and the government cuts taxes
(c) people want to save less for retirement and the government raises taxes
(d) people want to save less for retirement and the government cuts taxes
10. An increase in the expected price level shifts short-run aggregate supply
to the
(a) right, and an increase in the actual price level shifts short-run aggregate
supply to the right.
(b) right, and an increase in the actual price level does not shift short-run
aggregate supply.
(c) left, and an increase in the actual price level shifts short-run aggregate
supply to the left.
(d) left, and an increase in the actual price level does not shift short-run
aggregate supply.
11. A reduction in U.S net exports would shift U.S. aggregate demand
(a) rightward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could
raise taxes.
(b) rightward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could
cut taxes.
(c) leftward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could
raise taxes.
(d) leftward. In an attempt to stabilize the economy, the government could
cut taxes.
12. If inflation expectations decline, than the short-run Phillips curve shifts
(a) left, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is lower in the short run
than before.
(b) right, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is lower in the short run
than before.
(c)right, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is higher in the short run
than before.
(d) left, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is higher in the short run
than before.
13. If people believe that the central bank is going to reduce inflation
(a) the short-run Phillips curve shifts right and the sacrifice ratio will rise.
(b) the short-run Phillips curve shifts right and the sacrifice ratio will fall.
(c) the short-run Phillips curve shifts left and the sacrifice ratio will rise.
(d) the short-run Phillips curve shifts left and the sacrifice ratio will fall.
14. Suppose that the central bank must follow a rule that requires it to
increase the money supply when the price level falls and decrease the money
supply when the price level rises. If the economy starts from long-run
equilibrium and aggregate demand shifts right, the central bank must
(a) decrease the money supply, which will move output back towards its
long-run level.
(b) decrease the money supply, which will move output farther from its
long-run level.
(c) increase the money supply, which will move output back towards its
long-run level.
(d) increase the money supply, which will move output farther from its
long-run level.
15. If a central bank were required to target inflation at zero, then when
there was a negative aggregate supply shock the central bank
(a) would have to increase the money supply. This would move unemployment
closer to the natural rate.
(b) would have to increase the money supply. This would move unemployment
further from the natural rate.
(c) would have to decrease the money supply. This would move unemployment
closer to the natural rate.
(d) would have to decrease the money supply. This would move unemployment
further from the natural rate.
二、非選擇題, 共55分。
答題時請務必簡要清楚, 並適當說明你的想法, 答案以能讓閱卷者瞭解為原則。
1.(10%) 請回答下列問題:
(a)(5%)
如果石油價格突然下跌, 短期菲利浦曲線會如何移動 (左移、右移或不變)?,
短期通貨膨脹率與失業率會如何變動 (上升、下降或不一定)?
(b)(5%)
根據貨幣數量理論, 影響長期貨幣需求的因素有哪些?
政府增加貨幣供給的長期影響是什麼?
2.(17%)
假設某封閉經濟體之消費需求為 C=100+0.8(Y-T); 投資需求為 I=50-2r;
政府支出 G =50; 實質貨幣需求為 Md/P=20+0.5Y-r; 名目貨幣供給為 Ms =240。
政府預算平衡故 T = G。 而短期總合供給函數為Ys =500+50(P-Pe) ,
其中 Pe 為預期物價水準。
(a)(4%)
請寫出貨幣市場均衡時的利率為何 (提示: 此時計算出的利率應是 Y 和 P 的函數。)?
(b)(4%)
請寫出此經濟體系的總和需求函數。
(c)(4%)
請計算長期均衡時的物價水準與產出。
(d)(5%)
假設供給面發生不可預期的波動, 使得民眾預期未來物價上漲。
若民眾預期未來的物價將上漲至 Pe =6, 此時短期均衡的物價與產出為何?
3.(14%)
桃花源本年度總產出 (Y) 為 10000, 政府支出 (G) 為 1700, 淨稅收 (T) 為 1500。
桃花源的消費 (C)、 投資 (I)、 出口 (X)、 進口 (M)、 淨資本流出 (NCO) 如下:
C = 5500; I = 2700-50r; X =800-100E; M =330+50E; NCO =600-50r;
其中桃花源實質利率為r%, 桃花源貨幣的實質匯率為E。
(a)(2%)
均衡時桃花源的投資金額為何?
(b)(2%)
均衡時桃花源的淨出口金額為何?
(c)(4%)
桃花源的均衡實質匯率是否符合購買力平價說? 依照購買力平價說,
套利行為將使桃花源物價水準、其他國家物價水準、桃花源貨幣名目匯率如何調整?
(d)(6%)
桃花源政府為了刺激出口, 舉債增加政府支出 100 來做國際形象廣告。
假設桃花源的出口因為政策增加為 X =900-100E。
請問政策後的均衡利率、實質匯率各為多少 ? 桃花源的出口金額是否因為這個政策而增加?
4.(14%)
桃花源目前景氣低迷, 失業率高。 政府希望透過總體政策使失業率降低。
(a)(2%)
假設桃花源的消費函數為 C =800+0.75(Y-T), 請計算政府支出乘數和定額稅乘數。
(b)(2%)
承上題, 假設桃花源的政府支出完全由定額稅 T 融通。 也就是說, 如果政府要增加1元支
出, 就要多收1元定額稅。 如果政府想調整政府支出使總合需求增加100, 政府應該增加
還是減少支出? 要調整多少?
(c)(2%)
如果政府想改用貨幣政策來達到政策目標, 中央銀行應該調高還是降低利率? 中央銀行
又要如何調整貨幣供給, 使均衡利率到達央行宣稱的水準?
(d)(4%)
當利率降到極低的水準時, 短期貨幣需求線為一水平線。 凱因斯把這種特殊現象稱為
「流動性陷阱」。 假設桃花源正處於流動性陷阱中。 請問相較於一般狀況, 此時財政
政策效果會變大, 變小, 還是不變? 為什麼?
(e)(4%)
承上題, 請問相較於一般狀況, 此時貨幣政策效果會變大, 變小, 還是不變? 為什麼?
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