課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修 / 通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰96.11.16
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
請在答案卷上清楚地標明題號。
一、單選題, 回答正確選項即可, 不需說明。 每題3分, 共45分。
1. A market economy rewards people according to their
(a) need for goods and services.
(b) willingness to work.
(c) ability to produce things that other people are willing to pay for.
(d) ability to produce things of cultural importance.
2. Suppose a nation is currently producing at a point inside its production
possibilities frontier. We know that
(a) the nation is producing beyond its capacity, and inflation will occur.
(b) the nation is not using all available resources or is using inferior
technology or both.
(c) the nation is producing an efficient combination of goods.
(d) there will be a large opportunity cost if the nation tries to increase production of any good.
3. If labor in Mexico is less productive than labor in the United States in
all areas of production,
(a) neither nation can benefit from trade.
(b) Mexico can benefit from trade but the United States cannot.
(c) the United States will have a comparative advantage relative to Mexico in
the production of all goods.
(d) both Mexico and the United States still can benefit from trade.
4. Each of the following is a determinant of demand except
(a) tastes.
(b) technology.
(c) expectations.
(d) the prices of related goods.
5. Last year, Sheila bought 6 pairs of shoes when her income was $40,000.
This year, her income is $52,000 andshe purchased 7 pairs of shoes. Holding
other factors constant and using the midpoint method, it follows that
Sheila’s income elasticity of demand is about
(a) 0.59 and Sheila regards shoes as an inferior good.
(b) 0.59 and Sheila regards shoes as a normal good.
(c) 1.7 and Sheila regards shoes as an inferior good.
(d) 1.7 and Sheila regards shoes as a normal good.
6. Because the demand for wheat tends to be inelastic, the development of a new, more productive hybrid wheatwould tend to
(a) increase the total revenue of wheat farmers.
(b) decrease the total revenue of wheat farmers.
(c) decrease the demand for wheat.
(d) decrease the supply of wheat.
7. A minimum wage that is set above a market’s equilibrium wage will result in
(a) an excess demand for labor, that is, unemployment.
(b) an excess demand for labor, that is, a shortage of workers.
(c) an excess supply of labor, that is, unemployment.
(d) an excess supply of labor, that is, a shortage of workers.
8. Efficiency in a market is achieved when
(a) a social planner intervenes and sets the quantity of output after
evaluating buyers’ willingness to pay andsellers’ costs.
(b) the sum of producer surplus and consumer surplus is maximized.
(c) all firms are producing the good at the same low cost per unit.
(d) no buyer is willing to pay more than the equilibrium price for any unit of
the good.
9. Economists tend to see ticket scalping as
(a) a way for a few to profit without producing anything of value.
(b) an inequitable interference in the orderly process of ticket distribution.
(c) a way of increasing the efficiency of ticket distribution.
(d) an unproductive activity which should be made illegal everywhere.
10. The amount of deadweight loss that results from a tax of a given size is determined by the
(a) response of buyers to the tax.
(b) number of buyers in the market relative to the number of sellers.
(c) price elasticities of demand and supply.
(d) ratio of the tax per unit to the effective price received by sellers.
11. If the supply of land is fixed, the burden of a tax on land falls
(a) partly on landowners and partly on users of land.
(b) entirely on the renters or users of land.
(c) entirely on workers.
(d) entirely on landowners.
12. A major difference between tariffs and import quotas is that
(a) tariffs create deadweight losses, but import quotas do not.
(b) tariffs help domestic consumers, and import quotas help domestic producers.
(c) tariffs raise revenue for the government, but import quotas create surplus
for those who get the licenses toimport.
(d) All of the above are correct.
13. Mike and Bob are both in the same enclosed hotel room. Mike assigns a $20
value to smoking his cigar. Bobvalues smoke-free air at $10. Which of the
following scenarios is a successful example of the Coase theorem?
(a) Bob offers Mike $15 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not smoke.
(b) Mike pays Bob $11 so that Mike can smoke his cigar.
(c) Mike pays Bob $9 so that Mike can smoke his cigar.
(d) Bob offers Mike $10 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not smoke.
14. Which of the following is an advantage of tradable pollution permits?
(a) The government knows exactly how much each firm is allowed to pollute.
(b) Revenue from the sale of permits is greater than revenue from a corrective
tax.
(c) The initial allocation of permits to firms does not affect the efficiency
of the market.
(d) Firms will engage in joint research efforts to reduce pollution.
15. Suppose that Martin owns a lighthouse, and Lewis owns a nearby port.
Martin’s lighthouse benefits only thoseships that enter Lewis’s port.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Martin’s lighthouse may be considered a private good.
(b) Martin can reduce the free-rider problem by charging Lewis a usage fee.
(c) Martin can exclude Lewis’s port from benefiting from the lighthouse by
simply turning the power off.
(d) Martin’s lighthouse would be considered a common resource.
二、非選擇題, 共55分。
答題時請務必簡潔, 並適當說明你的想法, 答案以能讓閱卷者瞭解為原則。
1. (15分) 請由市場的供給與需求回答下列問題。
(a) (4分) 科羅莎颱風襲台前一天的蔬菜價格如何變動。
(b) (4分) 科羅莎颱風過後一天的蔬菜價格如何變動。
(c) (4分) 最近一個月來有許多關於物價上漲的報導, 包括蔬菜、威而剛、麵粉和汽油等,
其中政府唯一可以確切控制價格的商品是什麼? 為什麼?
(d) (3分) 「管制物價上漲是政府的責任」, 是屬於 positive 還是 normative 的說法。
2. (15分)
Assume the United States in an importer of cameras and there are no trade
restrictions. U.S. consumers buy 2 million cameras per year, of which 0.6
million are produced domestically and 1.4 million are imported.
(a) (5分)
Suppose that a technological advance among Japanese Camera manufacturers causes
the world price of cameras to fall by $15. Draw a graph to show how this change
affects the welfare of U.S. consumers and U.S. producers and how it affecs
total surplus in the United States.
(b) (5分)
After the fall in price, U.S. consumers buy 2.5 million cameras, of which 0.4
million are produced domestically and 2.1 million are imported. Calculate the
change in consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus from the price
reduction.
(c) (5分)
If the government responded by putting a $15 tariff on imported cameras, what
would this do? Calculate the revenue that would be raised and the deadweight
loss. Would it be a good policy from the standpoint of U.S. welfare? Who might
support this policy?
3. (10分)
大祥、 中強和小霞組成一個社區, 該社區宵小猖獗, 若在社區內加裝防盜設備, 則三人
都可以獲得保護。若未加裝防盜設備, 大祥的預期損失為2萬元, 中強的預期損失為5萬元,
小霞的預期損失則為8萬元。
(a) (3分)
若防盜設備的售價為10萬元, 該社區是否會有防盜設備? 誰買的?
(b) (3分)
防盜設備售價在幾萬元以下時, 該社區會有防盜設備? 誰買的?
(c) (4分)
從社會效率的角度來看, 防盜設備的價格在幾萬元以下時, 該社區就應有防盜設備?
假設防盜設備的價格為14萬元, 應該如何達到社會有效率的情況。
4. (15分)
東風市有一條名為「雄獅大道」的快速道路, 行駛在上面的好處視用路人數而定,
二者關係如下:
B = 1200 - N^2,
其中 N為用路人數, N為整數, 即N = 1,2,‧‧‧ ,10,‧‧‧ ,
B為每個用路人所得到的好處。
(a) (3分)
請問「雄獅大道」屬於「公共財」(public goods)、「私有財」(private goods),
還是「共有資源」(common resources)? 為什麼?
(b) (4分)
如果不需繳交過路費, 將有多少人行駛「雄獅大道」? 此時「雄獅大道」帶來的
社會總效益為多少?
(c) (4分)
社會最適 (socially optimal) 的用路人數為多少? 此時「雄獅大道」帶來的
社會總效益為多少?(提示: 社會最適人數為介於18與22之間的整數。)
(d) (4分)
假設東風市對用路人收取過路費T 元, 請問T值為何時,
用路人數恰為社會最適的用路人數?
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※ 編輯: d3osef 來自: 61.230.64.12 (12/26 20:13)