課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修 / 通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰97.01.14
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
請在答案卷上清楚標明題號。
一、選擇題, 回答正確選項即可, 不需說明。 每題2分, 共40分。
1. Miller Technologies has average variable costs of $1 and average total costs
of $3 when it produces 500 units of output. The firm’s total fixed costs
equal
(a) $500. (b) $1,000. (c) $1,500. (d) $2,000.
2. The marginal product of any input
(a) is the increase in total cost associated with a one-unit increase in
production.
(b) is the change in total output associated with a $1.00 increase in total
cost.
(c) is the increase in total cost resulting from the hiring of an additional
worker.
(d) is the increase in total output obtained from one additional unit of that
input.
3. When a firm is operating at an efficient scale,
(a) average variable cost is minimized.
(b) average fixed cost is minimized.
(c) average total cost is minimized.
(d) marginal cost is minimized.
4. In the long run, a profit-maximizing firm will choose to exit a market when
(a) average fixed cost is falling.
(b) variable costs exceed sunk costs.
(c) marginal cost exceeds marginal revenue at the current level of production.
(d) total revenue is less than total cost.
5. When determining whether to shutdown in the short run, a competitive firm
should
(a) ignore fixed costs.
(b) ignore variable costs.
(c) ignore sunk costs.
(d) Both (a) and (c) are correct.
6. In the long-run equilibrium of a market with free entry and exit,
if all firms have the same cost structure, then
(a) marginal cost exceeds average total cost.
(b) the price of the good exceeds average total cost.
(c) average total cost exceeds the price of the good.
(d) firms are operating at their efficient scale.
7. Marginal revenue for a monopolist is computed as
(a) average revenue divided by quantity sold.
(b) average revenue times quantity divided by price.
(c) total revenue divided by quantity sold.
(d) change in total revenue per one unit increase in quantity sold.
8. Monopolies use their market power to
(a) charge prices that equal minimum average total cost.
(b) attain normal profits in the long run.
(c) charge a price that is higher than marginal cost.
(d) dump excess supplies of their product on the market.
9. In theory, perfect price discrimination
(a) decreases the monopolist’s profits.
(b) decreases consumer surplus.
(c) increases deadweight loss.
(d) reduces the number of consumers who purchase the monopoly’s product.
10. The equilibrium quantity in markets characterized by oligopoly is
(a) higher than in monopoly markets and higher than in perfectly competitive
markets.
(b) higher than in monopoly markets and lower than in perfectly competitive
markets.
(c) lower than in monopoly markets and higher than in perfectly competitive
markets.
(d) lower than in monopoly markets and lower than in perfectly competitive
markets.
11. In the prisoners’ dilemma,
(a) the prisoners easily collude in order to achieve the best possible payoff
for both.
(b) only one player has a dominant strategy.
(c) when each player chooses his dominant strategy the players achieve the best
joint outcome.
(d) when each player chooses his dominant strategy the players reach a Nash
equilibrium.
12. An oligopoly is a market in which
(a) there are only a few sellers, each offering a product similar or identical
to the products offeredby other firms in the market.
(b) firms are price takers.
(c) the actions of one seller in the market have no impact on the other
sellers’ profits.
(d) there are many price-taking firms, each offering a product similar or
identical to the productsoffered by other firms in the market.
13. A similarity between monopoly and monopolistic competition is that,
in both market structures,
(a) strategic interactions among sellers are important.
(b) there are a small number of sellers.
(c) sellers are price makers rather than price takers.
(d) product differentiation is important.
14. When a market is monopolistically competitive, the typical firm in the
market is likely to experience a
(a) positive profit in the short run and in the long run.
(b) positive or negative profit in the short run and a 0 profit in the long run.
(c) 0 profit in the short run and a positive or negative profit in the long run.
(d) 0 profit in the short run and in the long run.
15. When monopolistically competitive firms advertise, in the long run
(a) they will still earn zero economic profit.
(b) they can earn positive economic profit by increasing market share.
(c) the market price must fall.
(d) the market price must rise.
16. The value of the marginal product of labor is equal to the change in
(a) marginal cost caused by the addition of the last worker.
(b) total cost caused by the addition of the last worker.
(c) total revenue caused by the addition of the last worker.
(d) total profit caused by the addition of the last worker.
17. An increase in the value of the marginal product of labor does not have the
effect of increasing the
(a) demand for labor.
(b) wage.
(c) quantity of labor employed.
(d) supply of labor.
18. If firms are competitive, then labor-market discrimination
(a) cannot exist in either the short run or the long run.
(b) will be more of a problem than if the market were monopolistic or
imperfectly competitive.
(c) likely will not be a long-run problem unless customers exhibit
discriminatory preferences orgovernment maintains discriminatory policies.
(d) likely will be more of a problem in the long run than in the short run due
to the zero-profitcondition that characterizes long-run equilibrium for
competitive firms.
19. One of the problems with calculating the true amount of discrimination that
takes place in the marketfor labor is
(a) the inability to calculate wage differentials.
(b) the inability to see changes in the wage differentials over
a period of time.
(c) the difficulty in measuring productivity differences between workers.
(d) the difficulty in measuring female labor-force participation.
20. According to a utilitarian, total social utility will be maximized when
marginal dollars are distributedto the people with the
(a) lowest marginal utility of income.
(b) highest marginal utility of income.
(c) highest total utility from their income.
(d) most productive labor resources.
二、非選擇題, 共60分。 答題時請務必簡潔, 並適當說明你的想法,
計算題請說明推理過程, 答案內容以能讓閱卷人瞭解為原則。
1. (15%) 簡答下列問題。
(a) (5%)
衡量所得不均度的方法之一是計算所得分配前百分之 X 和後百分之 X 的相對倍數,
以下四種不同百分比和所得種類的組合中, 何者可以得到最大的貧富差距, 為什麼?
(a) X=20, 家庭所得 (b) X=20, 個人所得 (c) X=10, 家庭所得 (d) X=10, 個人所得。
(b) (5%)
2006年大學畢業生人數為219,919人, 1998年的畢業人數則為85,802人。
在薪水方面,2006 年大學畢業生的平均起薪是26,700元, 1998年的平均起薪則為27,462元
請由市場供需討論1998 年至2006年間, 大學畢業生勞動市場的變化。
(c) (5%)
請說明什麼是國民教育階段的 「教育券」(school vouchers)?
「教育券」為什麼會有提升教育品質的效果?
2. (15%)
爆竹市場為一完全競爭市場, 個別廠商的生產成本包括 (i) 變動成本q^2、 (ii) 固定
成本 400、以及 (iii) 政府規定爆竹工廠必備一套消防設備的成本, 其中 q 為個別廠
商的產量。 消防設備的供給函數為Qx = 0.5Px, 爆竹工廠的總數為N。
(a) (4%)
請寫出個別廠商的平均成本函數 (AC) 和邊際成本函數 (MC)。(表示為q與N的函數。)
(b) (6%)
長期均衡時個別廠商的產量為何? 市場總產量為何? 均衡價格為何?(均以廠商數目 N 表示。)
(c) (5%)
假設爆竹的需求函數為 Q = 13500-100P 請問長期均衡時, 爆竹價格為何?
爆竹總產量為何? 共有多少家爆竹工廠? 個別廠商的利潤為何?
3. (15%)
A large share of the world supply of diamonds comes from Russia and South
Africa. Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000
per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule:
Price Quantity
($1,000 dollars) ($1,000 diamonds)
8 5
7 6
6 7
5 8
4 9
3 10
2 11
1 12
(a) (3%)
If there were many suppliers of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity?
(b) (3%)
If there were only 1 supplier of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity?
(c) (3%)
If Russia and South Africa formed a cartel, what would be the price and
quantity? If the countries split the market evenly, what would be
South Africa’s production and profit?
(d) (3%)
From (c), what would happen to South Africa’s profit if it increased its
production by 1,000 while Russia stuck to the cartel agreement?
(e) (3%)
Use your answer in (d) to explain why cartel agreement are often not successful.
4. (15%)
假設 T、C 兩國都只生產同一產品, 其生產函數均為 Q = 6 ‧ √K ‧ √L, 因此勞動
的邊際產量MPL =(3‧√K)/√L , 資本的邊際產量MPK =(3‧√L)/√K。 假設兩國的勞
動供給無彈性, 任何工資之下 T、C 兩國都各有100和900個勞工想工作,產品的價格P 均為
1元。 此外, 兩國的生產均為完全競爭市場, 其資本總量K分別為KT = 400, KC = 100。
請問:
(a) (5%)
T、C 兩國勞工的工資WT 與WC 各為多少? WT/WC =?(即WT 為WC 的幾倍?)
(b) (5%)
如果 T、C 兩國准許資本自由流動, 但勞工不能自由移動, 假設資本流動不需成本,
請問資本將由 T 國移向 C 國, 還是由 C 國移向 T 國?
(c) (5%)
承上, 資本自由流動後,T、C 兩國最終將各有多少資本? 此時WT/WC 較 (a) 時高或低?
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※ 編輯: d3osef 來自: 61.230.131.169 (12/30 00:20)