課程名稱︰經濟學原理
課程性質︰經濟系必修 A5通識
課程教師︰張清溪
開課學院：
開課系所︰
考試日期（年月日）︰2007.11.09
考試時限（分鐘）：140分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
總分120分 滿分100分
選擇題(每題2分,總分50分)
1.Compareative advantage in the production of a good occurs
(a)only if an economy has an absolute advantage in the production of the
good.
(b)when an economy can produce that good at a lower opportunity cost than
its competitors.
(c)when an economy can produce that good using fewer resources than its
competitors.
(d)when an economy can produce that good at a greater opportunity cost than
its competitors.
2.The production possibilities frontier illustrates which of the following
economic principles?
(a)trade-offs. (b)technical efficiency in production
(c)opportunity cost (d)all of the above.
3.In the production possibilities frontier framework,unemployment is
represented by
(a) an inward shift of the curve (b)a point located on the curve
(c)a point located outside the curve (d)a point located inside the curve
4.What is the difference between an "increase in demand" and an "increase in
quantity demanded"?
(a)There is no diffrernce between the two terms;then both refer to a
movement upwards along a given demand curve.
(b)An "increase in demand" is represented by a rightward shift of the damand
curve while an "increase in quantity demanded" is represented by a
movement along a given demand curve.
(c)There is no difference the two terms:they both refer to a shift of the
demand curve.
(d)An "increase in demand" is represented by a movement along a given demand
curve.while an "increase in quantity demanded" is represented by a
rightward shift of the damand.
5.The law of demand implies that , all else equal,
(a)as the price of bagels rises , the quantity of bagels demanded will
increase.
(b)as the price of bagels rises , the demand for bagels will fall.
(c)as the demand for bagels rises , the price of bagels will increase.
(d)as the price of bagels rises , the quantity of bagels demanded will
decrease.
6.Technological advancements have resulted in lower prices for digital cameras
. What is the impact of this on the market for tranditional photography?
(a)The supply curve for tranditional photography shifts to the right.
(b)The supply curve for tranditional photography shifts to the left.
(c)The demand curve for tranditional photography shifts to the right
(d)The demand curve for tranditional photography shifts to the left.
7.In January , buyers of gold expect that the price of gold will fall by
February.What happens in the gold market in January,holding all else constant
(a)The quantity damanded increases (b)The demand curve shifts to the left
(c)The quantity demanded decreases (d)The demand curve shifts to the right
8.Which of the following is correct : At equilibrium
(a)quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
(b)market forces no longer apply.
(c)demand equals supply
(d)scarcity is eliminated.
9.The difference between the maximum price a person is willing to pay for a
good and the price actually paid for the good is called
(a)the substitution effect (b)producer surplus
(c)the income effect (d)consumer surplus
10.A"demand price" measures
(a)the maximum price a buyer is willing to pay minus the minimum price a
seller is willing to accept.
(b)the amount a seller actually receives for a good minus the minimum
amount the seller is willing to accept for the good.
(c)the maximum price a buyer is willing to pay for a product minus the
amount the buyer actually pays for it.
(d)the maximum price that a buyer will pay for a good.
11.Suppose consumer income increases.If iPods are normal good,the equilibrium
price of an iPod will _____,and producer surplus in the iPod market will
____ .
(a)increaes;increase. (b)dcrease;decrease;
(c)decrease;increase. (d)increae;decrease.
12.An externality
(a)enhances market efficiency.
(b)refers to a disequilibrium in the market.
(c)accrues to someone who is not part of a market transaction,either the
production or the consumption of a product.
(d)is a private cost or benifit.
13.Suppose a negative externality exists in a market.If transaction costs are
low and price are willing to bargain,them,according to the Coase theorom,
(a)government intervention is critical to reach an efficient solution.
(b)an efficient solution can be reached regardless of the initial assignment
of property rights.
(c)an efficient solution can be reached only if property rights are assigned
to the victims of the pollution.
(d)an efficient solution can be reached only if property rights are assigned
to the polluters.
14.Tree planted in urban developments improve the beauty of the area and
provide shade. Trees imposed/provide an ____ , and cities,or landowners
, should be _____ to encourage the economically efficient number of trees.
(a)external cost ; taxed (b)external benefit ; subsidized
(c)external benefit ; taxed (d)external cost ; subsidized
15.To arrive at a demand curve for a public good , we
(a)add the price that each consumer is willing to pay for each quantity
of the public good.
(b)multiply the price by the quantity for each consumer and add up across
all consumers.
(c)add the quantities that each consumer is willing to pruchase at each
price of the public good.
(d)multiply the quantity demanded at each price by the number of the
consumers.
16.If the demand for a product is unit elastic , then
(a)quantity demanded does not respond to changes in price.
(b)the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to percentage change
in price.
(c)the percentage change in quantity demanded is 100 percent greater than
the percentage changein price.
(d)the percentage change in quantity demanded is 1 percent greater than
the percentage changein price.
17.On a downward sloping,linear demand curve,total revenue would be at a
maximum
(a)at the midpoint of the demand curve.
(b)at the lower end of the demand curve.
(c)at the upper end of the demand curve.
(d)Unknown.
18.The larger the share of a good in a consumers'budget,other things equal,the
(a)more elastic is his supply (b)more inelastic is his demand
(c)more elastic is his demand (d)more inelastic is his supply
19.Suppose the cross-price elasticity of demand between DVDs at Amazon.com
and DVDs at Buy.com is 3.5 . Based on this information,predict what happens
when Amazon.com lowers its DVD priced by 10 percent.
(a)The quantity of DVDs demanded on Buy.com will increase by 35 percent
(b)The quantity of DVDs demanded on Amazon.com will increase by 35 percent
(c)The quantity of DVDs demanded on Amazon.com will decrease by 35 percent
(d)The quantity of DVDs demanded on Buy.com will decrease by 35 percent
20.The terms of trade refers to
(a)the role of the government in overseeing international trade.
(b)the rules and regulations that countries must adhere to when trading.
(c)the rate of currency exchange.
(d)the ratio at which a country can trade its exports for imports from
other countries.
21.Who owns a corporation?
(a)The board of directors (b)The emplyees
(c)The CEO. (d)The stockholders
22.A corporation is operated and controlled in its day-to-day activities by
(a)stockholders (b)management
(c)employees (d)board of directors
23.A situation where a hired manager does not have the same interests as the
owners of the business is known as:
(a)a financial problem. (b)a principal-agent problem
(c)a conquest and control problem (d)a financial intermediary problem
24.Limited liability means:
(a)the personal assets of the owners cannot be claimed if the business is
bankrupt.
(b)antbody will a lisbility against a firm can claim only what their
liability refers to.
(c)only employees can have a claim on the assets of the business.
(d)the personal assets of the owners can be claimed if the business is
bankrupt.
25.If a corporation goes bankrupt,first claim on the firm's assets belongs to:
(a)bondholders (b)employees
(c)stockholders (d)the atate where chartered.
問答題 (總分70分;每題十分,除非另有註明)
一.繪一條直線的需求線。設它與縱軸的交點為ａ，與橫軸的交點為ｂ，中間點定為ｅ。
在ａ與ｅ之間任取一點，令為ｃ。ｃ點對應的價格為Ｐc，數量為Ｑc。證明c點的需
求彈性大於一(5分)
二.小明跟阿仁在學校宿舍101室,學校在寢室內有裝冷氣機,但使用需付費,每小時30元.
假設小明對吹冷氣的需求函數是P1 = 30 - Q,阿仁的需求函數是P2 = 60 - 2Q.
P1,P2分別代表小明與阿仁對吹冷氣的願付價格,Q是開冷氣的小時數.請回答下列問題
(15分)
1.請問101室對吹冷氣的需求函數為何?
2.給定學校的收費制度,小名跟阿仁對於吹冷氣的需求量各是幾小時?
3.請問101室最適的吹冷氣時數是幾小時?
4.此時,101室的消費者剩餘是多少?
5.如果把本題的冷氣機改成桌上的桌燈,兩人桌上各有一支,此時,101室對使用桌燈的
需求函數為何?
三.假設台北市政府為了增進消費者租屋權益,對租屋市場設定一租金上限.請問:
1.假設此一上限低於市場均衡租金,且政府嚴格執行.請用圖形分析消費者,生產者和
整體租屋市場,在政府管制"前""後"的福利變動.根據你分析的結果,政府此一房租
管制能否達到其目標?
2.假設此一上限低於市場均衡租金,但存在黑市.請用圖形分析消費者,生產者和
整體租屋市場,在政府管制"前""後"的福利變動.根據你分析的結果,政府此一房租
管制能否達到其目標?
四.小王經營戲院,入場券每人一律收8元.某天,好友阿諾前來拜訪,並向小王表示,為了
提高戲院門票收入,建議將門票收費制度改成:學生每人收費5元,成人則每人收費10元
.請利用需求彈性的性質,說明該收費制度必定可以提高門票收入的條件為何?
五.假設台灣對國內稻米課徵每磅0.25元進口關稅,下圖表示台灣稻米市場的供需線和進
口關稅的影響.請根據此圖回答下列問題(10分)
圖略過............
1.請計算在自由貿易下,台灣稻米市場的消費者剩餘和生產者剩餘
2.請計算在課徵進口稅後的消費者剩餘,生產者剩餘,和台灣政府的關稅升入
3.請計算課徵進口關稅所帶來的絕對損失
4.請計算課徵關稅前後的需求彈性
六 是非題.以下敘述如果是對的,請標示"T" 如果是錯的,請標示"F" ,並簡略解釋你的答
案.不解釋不給分(20分)
1.近年來國人所得提高,但是生育率下降.如果我們將小孩子當做財貨,由這種現象我們
可以推論,小孩子是一裂等財.
2.其他條件相同,"課徵關稅"比"限制進口"對本國有利.
3.若供給線是一條正斜率的直線,則供給彈性必定隨著價格提高而上升
4.如果某一物品的所得彈性是正的而且相當的大,我們可以預期到該物品的需求應該是
有彈性的(elastic)
5.公共財的"共享性",使政府經營"公營事業"很容易增進人民的福利.
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