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課程名稱： 經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質： 系定必修(可兼通識)
課程教師： 張清溪
開課學院： 社會科學院
開課系所： 財金系 經濟系
考試日期（年月日）： 98年01月09日
考試時限（分鐘）： 9:10 ~ 11:30
是否需發放獎勵金： 是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
(總分120分，滿分100分)
壹、選擇題(每題2分，總分50分)
1. The basic cause of deadweight losses from the existence of common
resource is
(A) use of a market system to deal with scarcity.
(B) self-interest of human beings.
(C) lack og enforceable property rights.
(D) None of the above.
2. One main reason that private solutions to externalities do not always
work is that
(A) some people benefit from externalities.
(B) interested parties incurs costs in the bargaining process.
(C) government intervention nagates the benefits of positive
externalities.
(D) charities are not well organized.
3. Internalizing a negative externality will cause an industry to _____
the quantity it supplies and _____ the price of the good produced.
(A) increase ; decrease
(B) increase ; increase
(C) decrease ; increase
(D) decrease ; decrease
4. The market demand curve is the vertical sum og individual demand
curves, because the consumption of the good is
(A) excludable.
(B) non-excludable.
(C) non-rival.
(D) Both (B) and (C) are correct.
5. Which of the following would be considered a pure public good?
(A) congested nontoll roads
(B) uncongested nontoll roads
(C) congested toll roads
(D) uncongested toll roads
6. A producer's average cost(AC) must fall as output expands if its
marginal cost(MC)
(A) is greater than AC and falling.
(B) is falling, regardless of whether MC is greater or less than AC.
(C) is less than AC and falling.
(D) is less than AC, regardless of whether MC is rising or falling.
7. In a graph showing the relationship between costs and output, the
vertical distance between the average cost curve and the average
variable cost(AVC) curve at each quantity
(A) remains constant as output expands.
(B) decreases as output expands.
(C) increases as output expands.
(D) All of the above are correct.
8. Suppose a firm in a competitive market earns a profit of $800 by
producing and selling 8 units of output with $200 average variable
cost and $400 average revenue. The total fixed cost and average
fixed cost are
(A) 800 and 100.
(B) 1600 and 200.
(C) 400 and 50.
(D) All of the above are not correct.
9. If price is less than the AVC, a firm that continues to produce in the
short run
(A) incurs a loss greater than its fixed costs
(B) can cover its variable costs but not its total costs.
(C) cannot cover any of its variable costs.
(D) con cover all of its fixed costs and some of its variable costs.
10. Which of the characteristics of perfect competition assures that
economic profit will be zero in the long run?
(A) Each firm's output is small relative to the total market output.
(B) Goods produced in the market are identical.
(C) Each firm is a price taker.
(D) There are no barriers to firms entering or exiting the market.
11. If a monopoly charges the market price of $14 per unit,
(A) its average revenue is $14, and its marginal revenue is $14.
(B) its average revenue is $14, and its marginal revenue is less.
(C) its marginal revenue is $14, and its average revenue is less.
(D) All of the above are correct.
12. A natural monopolist's ability to price its product is
(A) enhanced by government's regulation.
(B) constrained by market supply.
(C) constrained by the market demand curve.
(D) not affected by market demand.
13. Consuder a market with a linear downward-sloping demand curve. If a
profit-maximization monopoly increases its price at equilibrium, its
(A) total revenue must increase.
(B) marginal cost must decrease.
(C) total revenue must decrease.
(D) marginal revenue must constant.
14. A price-discriminating firm charges the highest price to the group
(A) with demand that is of unitary elasticity.
(B) with the least elastic demand.
(C) with the largest demand.
(D) with the most elastic demand.
15. If a firm is able to perfectly discriminate,
(A) consumer surplus is increased and deadweight loss is decreased.
(B) producer surplus is reduced and consumer surplus is increased.
(C) consumer surplus is decreased and deadweight loss is increased.
(D) consumer surplus and deadweight losses are transformed into
economic profits.
16. In its long-run equilibrium, monopolistic competition has excess
capacity, because firms
(A) expect to have an unanticipated increases in demand.
(B) build plants that are way too small.
(C) use an inefficient combination of resources to produce output.
(D) do not produce the output at the minimum point of the short-run
AC curve.
17. The industry in which a firm regards its rivals' strategies is
(A) perfect competition.
(B) monopolistic competition.
(C) oligopoly.
(D) monopoly.
18. As the number of firms in an oligopoly morket grows larger, the price
will approach to
(A) marginal cost.
(B) the monopoly price.
(C) marginal revenue.
(D) zero.
19. Which of the following short-run equilibrium is correct?
(A) A perfectly competitive firm will operate at zero profits.
(B) A monopolistically competitive firm may operate at the minimum of
AC curve.
(C) An oligopoly firm will have a kinky demand curve.
(D) A monopolist will always have a positive profit.
20. If a good is inferior, then a decrease in income will result in
(A) a movement down and to the right along the demand curve for the good.
(B) a decrease ing the demand for the good.
(C) a movement up and to the left along the demand curve for the good.
(D) an increase ing the demand for the good.
21. Which of the following might cause the equilibrium proce to rise and the
equilibrium quantity of bread to decrease?
(A) a rise in the price of oatmeal, a substitute product
(B) a fall in the price of flour
(C) lower end of the demand curve
(D) All of the above are possible.
22. On a downward-sloping linear demand curve, the maximum total revenue is
at the
(A) midpoint of the demand curve.
(B) upper end of the demand curve.
(C) lower end of the demand curve.
(D) All of the above are possible.
23. When a country allows trade and becomes and importer of a good, domestic
producers _____ and domestic consumers _____.
(A) lose ; gain
(B) gain ; lose
(C) gain ; gain
(D) lose ; lose
24. Suppose Barry is maximizing his utility from consuming used paperback
novels and audio books. The price of a used novel = $2; and the price
of audio books = $4. If the marginal utility of the last novel was 10
units of utility, what was the marginal utility of the last audio book
purchased?
(A) 5 units of utility
(B) 10 units of utility
(C) 20 units of utility
(D) 40 units of utility
25. When a monopolist maximizes its profit, the equilibrium point corresponds
to the demand curve where the elasticity of demand
(A) must greater than 1.
(B) must less than 1.
(C) may be less than 1.
(D) may be greater or less than 1.
貳、問答題(50分)
一、小明打算經營彩色影印店。假設他只能選擇以下兩個方案。
方案１，租用雷射影印機進行生產，租金為800元，每多印一張的成本為5元。
方案２，租用墨水影印機進行生產，租金為200元，每多印一張的成本為15元。
令q 為影印的張數。請回答以下問題：(15分)
1. 請寫出小明的SAC1, SMC1, SAC2, SMC2。(下標1,2分別代表方案1,2)
2. 將q 放在橫軸，畫圖說明小明的LAC和LMC。請正確標示座標與相對數值，
圖形形狀近似即可。
3. 如果小明獨佔此影印市場且面對的市場需求線是 p=515-q 。請計算在長期下
此影印市場的均衡數量、均衡價格、消費者剩餘和小明的利潤。
二、有關獨佔者的供給線。(10分)
1. 請用圖形(配合簡單文字)證明獨佔者沒有供給線。
2. 請問在何時定義下，獨佔者有供給線？有何事例可證明此一供給線是存在的？
三、學校固定有停車位300個，那地方不用白不用。師生對停車的需求函數是
QD=500-P。請問：(10分)
1. 均衡價格為何？此時消費者與生產者剩餘各為若干？(2分)
2. 若學校師生沒有別處停車，學校想要賺最多錢，他要如何定價？提供多少
車位？此時的生產者與消費者剩餘又各為多少？(5分)
3. 比較以上兩小題，你有何感想？(3分)
四、某物品X 有兩群不同的需求者，其需求函數分別為 P1 = 60 - 0.5*Q1 及
P2 = 120 - Q2；給定MCx = 2/3 *Q，Q 代表X 的產量。請回答以下問題：(15分)
1. 如果X 是一公共財，請寫出市場需求線並求算社會最適之產量Q 。
2. 如果X 是一私有財，且由一家獨佔廠商生產，若廠商只能單一訂價。問此時的
均衡價量各為多少？(註：此小題頗為困難，小心你的時間)
3. 設如前一小題，但此時廠商可以對此兩群需求者進行第三級差別定價，請求算
均衡時的廠商總產量Q 與對兩群消費者的定價P1, P2。
參、是非簡答題。以下敘述如果是對的，請標示"T"; 如果是錯的，請標示"F"。請解釋
你的答案，不解釋不給分。(每題4分，共20分)
1. 理性的人，以投票所做出的公共決策都是不理性的。
2. 公司負責人，其實不太負責任。
3. 你在文教區開一家自助餐聽，中午生意火紅，晚上冷淡。你在考慮晚上要不要營
業。你有兩項成本：店面月租三萬，已簽訂三年合同。平均每月有一千名顧客，
中午九百人，晚上只有一百人(相當於平均每位顧客租金成本30元)。其他人工、
材料成本，平均每一顧客80元。中午一客可賣150元，晚上只能賣100元。算一算
晚上不該營業。
4. 具有「共享性」的產品，若可以有排他性，則可形成「自然獨佔」。
5. 獨佔者成本降低了，但需求不變。此時此景，他顯然不必降價求售，所以追求利
潤最大的獨佔者，不會降價。
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如果試題有任何錯誤，
麻煩大家指正，謝謝^^
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