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課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質︰必帶
課程教師︰張清溪
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰99/1/8
考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
壹、選擇題(每題2分，總分50分)
1.Which of the following will cause the PPC to shift outward?
A) a decrease in the unemployment rate assuming a constant labor force
B) an increase in the stock of capital
C) an increase in the production of good with comparative advantage
D) all of the above
2.If the price of a hamburger is increased from $6 to $8, its quantity
demanded decreases from $4 to $3, the price elasticity of demand equals:
A) -2 B) -1.2 C) -1 D) -0.8
3.Susan is maximizing her ultility. Her MUx/Px = 10 and Py = $4. Then her
marginal utility of Y must be
A) 40 B) 20 C) 10 D) 4
4.A producer's average cost(AC) must fall as output expands if its marginal
cost(MC)
A) is greater than AC and falling
B) is falling, regardless of whether MC is greater or less than AC
C) is less than AC and falling
D) is less than AC, regardless of whether MC is rising or falling
5.If firms do not have to account for external costs of production, then
they will _____ compared with the efficient values.
A) underproduce and underprice
B) underproduce and overprice
C) overproduce and underprice
D) overproduce and overprice
6.One main reason that private solutions to externalities do not always work
is that
A) some people benefit form externalities
B) interested parties incur costs in the bargaining process
C) goverment intervention negates the benefits of positive externalities
D) charities are not well organized
7.The market demand curve is the vertical sum od individual demand curves,
because the consumption of the good is
A) excludable B) non-excludable
C) non-rival C) both B and C are correct
8.Which of the following would be considerd a pure public good?
A) congested nontoll roads B) uncongested and nontoll roads
C) congested toll roads D) uncongested toll roads
9.Why do price discriminating firms often offer lower price to children and
elderly?
A) They have a lower income than other consumers
B) They have a higher income than other consumers
C) Such a strategy lowers the costs of the firms
D) Their demand for goods and services tends to be less elastic than other
consumers
10.When a monopolist maximizes its profit, the equilibrium point corresponds
to the demand curve where the elasticiy of demand
A) must greater than 1 B) must less than 1
C) may be less than 1 D) may be greater or less than 1
11.A monopolist's supply of a good is
A) dependent on the monopolist's demand curve and its marginal cost curve
B) given by the portion of the monopolist's marginal cost curve that
lies above its average variable cost curve
C) indepedent of the monopolist's demand curve
D) given by the portion of the monopolist's average variable cost curve
that lies above its marginal cost curve
12.When a demand curve is a downward sloping straight line, the slope of the
marginal revenue curve is _____ the demand curve.
A) always equal to the slope of
B) the same as the slope of
C) half as steep as D) twice as steep as
13.Products may be homogeneous or differentiated in the _____ market
structure
A) perfectly competitive B) monopolistic
C) monopolistically competitive D) oligopolistic
14.Unlike a monopolist's product, a monopolistically competitive firm's
product
A) is homogeneous B) is a unique product
C) has perfect subsititutes D) has many close subsititutes
15.Little Joe's Pizzeria competes in the monopolistically competitive pizza
delivery industry in a city, The firm raises its price by 10% while all
other pizzerias keep their prices the same. Which of the following is
most likely to occur? Little Joe's Pizzeria will
A) be sold unchanged B) lose all customers
C) increase its profits D) lose some of its customers
16.The Specialty Cake Store, a monopolistically competitive firm , is
producing 200 decorated cakes per day and selling each cake for %12.At
that production level ATC is %20, AVC is %15, AFC is %5, and both MR and
MC are %8. This firm should
A) continue to produce 200 cakes, as price is greater than AFC
B) increase output to the point where price equals marginal cost
C) decrease output to the point wheremarginal cost equals to average cost
D) produce zero cakes and pay fixed costs
17.As new firms enter a monopolistically competitive industry,the demand
curve facing each existing firm will
A) shift to the left and become more elastic because there are now more
subsitutes for its product
B) shift to the left and become less elastic because there are now more
subsitutes for its product
C) not be affected because the new firm do not produce a perfect
subsitute for its product
D) shift to the left, but the elasticity of demand will not be affected
18.If demand is unit elastic and the labor supply is very elastic, the
payroll tax is
A) borne mostly by the employer B) borne entirely by the employer
C) borne mostly by the workers D) spilt evenly between both sides
19.If the USA subsidizes its exported wheat, then the USA will
A) reduce its export and domestic production of wheat
B) increase its export and domestic production of wheat
C) reduce its export and increase domestic production of wheat
D) increase its export and reduce domestic production of wheat
Table 1
Taiwan Holland
Clothes 150 100
Rice 100 100
20.Holland has the comparative advantage in producing:
A) cloths B) bohe clothes and rice
C) rice D) neither clothes nor rice
21.Which terms of trade benefits both countries?
A) 1 unit of rice for 2 units of clothes
B) 1 unit of rice for 0.8 units of clothes
C) 1 unit of clothes for 0.8 units of rice
D) 1 unit of clothes for 1.2 units of rice
22.自願就學方案有一項經濟觀念的錯誤,是沒有認識到:
A)自願的行為就是自利行為 B)競價行為激烈不等於競爭程度高
C)固定的五等第分數分配下沒有教育 D)人數多才會趨向常態分布
23.各國政府通常績效都不好,但民主國家的人民還是願意供養政府,因為政府作下列哪
種事,很容易造福百姓?
A)生產無排它性的產品 B)生產有排他性的產品
C)生產有共享性的產品 D)生產無共享性的產品
24.若一國在國際市場是完全競爭者,則進口一物將使該物的國內:
A)生產者獲益,消費者受害 B)生產者受害,消費者也受害
C)生產者受害,消費者受益 D)生產者獲益,消費者也獲益
25.亞當斯密認為,課稅最重要的原則是:
A)公平 B)確定 C)給納稅者方便 D)課稅成本低
貳、問答題(50分)
一、小明與大雄考上台大,合租一間套房.兩人每晚都很用功的在一起念書.假設小明(A)
與大雄(B)對燈光的需求函數,分別為(P為電費):Qa = 8-P , Qb = 7-2P
試以圖形分析以下問題:(10分)
1.若兩人共用同一盞日光燈,請問兩人對燈光電費的市場需求線為何?
2.兩人分別各使用一盞檯燈,請問兩人對燈光電費的市場需求線為何?
二、假設某獨占者面對一群需求者(A)的需求為Qa = 10-P,且獨占廠商生產成本 TC =
5+4Q.是以圖形分析,回答下列問題:(20分)
1.若獨占者進行單一訂價,請問其利潤最大的訂價與產出各多少?
2.若該獨占者進行完全差別定價,請問該廠商的產出與利潤為多少?
3.假設政府想以從量補貼來增加廠商的產出,每單位應補貼多少,可以消除社會的
福利淨損失?(忽略租稅的效率問題)
4.假設獨占者開發出另一群消費者(B),其需求函數為 Qb = 8-P.根據三級差別訂
價,獨占者對兩個市場的定價分別為和?
三、假設原來本國蘋果市場可以自由進口.設P1國內均衡價格,P2為國際價格.假設我國
在國際市場是完全競爭者.適用圖形分析回答以下問題.(10分)
1.若政府對蘋果進口商課關稅(每單位課T).比較實施關稅前後的社會福利變化.
2.若政府對於蘋果實施進口配額,假設限制的配額量等於上題關稅後的進口量,請
討論關稅與配額導致福利損失的大小.(分別討論本國與全球)
四、前面選擇題的Table 1是台灣與荷蘭各生產衣服與稻米的能力.稻米的單位是斤,衣
服的單位是件.根據該表,回答以下問題:(10分)
1.假如在自給自足時,兩國各用一半資源生產衣服跟稻米;在專業生產後,兩國從
事貿易,並另貿易的結果,表5的C1 R1,等於表3的C1 R1.據此,把正確數字填入
表格,並說明兩隔的貿易條件.
2.繪出兩國的生產可能線,標出原來的自給自足點,專業生產點,以及貿易後消費
點.
機會成本 | 自給自足量 | 專業生產量 | 貿易後消費量
台 荷 | 台 荷 | 台 荷 | 台 荷
衣服 | C1 | | C1
稻米 | R1 | | R1
參、是非簡答題.以下各題,除了寫下是非外,必須有合理的解釋(最好作圖),否則不給分.
(每題4分,共20分)
1.跟漲不跟跌的寡占廠商模型顯示,廠商價格僵固的現象是來自需求面.
2.如果雇主堅信 只要是台大畢業,就是人才的品質保證. 這樣容易產生惡性選擇問題
3.一個書商說:這個行業,進來一段時間後就出不去了. 為什麼?他說:因為吃這行飯,
認識人很重要,作越久,認識越多人,累積的效果越大. 他說的這個現象,可以用廠商
的固定成本來解釋.
4.一個典型自然獨占者,若服從邊際成本訂價法,則對應該產量的長期邊際成本線高於
長期平均成本.
5.美國報筒設在路邊:投入銅板,即可打開;報筒的設計很容易取得兩份,但很少人多取
汽水的自動販賣機,也設在路邊;投入銅板掉出一罐汽水;但機器的設計周全,不會讓
你取得兩罐.這唯一的解釋是:買報紙的人比較誠實.
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