課程名稱︰經濟學原理
課程性質︰必修/選修
課程教師︰張清溪
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰2010/11/12
考試時限（分鐘）：120 mins
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
第壹部分:選擇題(每題2分，共40分)
1.In the markets for the factors of prodution in the circular-flow diagram,
A)households are sellers and firms are buyers.
B)households are buyers and firms are sellers.
C)households and firms are both buyers.
D)households and firms are both sellers.
2.The production possibilities frontier illustrates
A)the trade-off between efficiency and equality.
B)the combination of output that an economy should produce.
C)the combination of output that each member of society should consume.
D)None of the above is correct.
3.A positive economic statement such as "Pollution taxes decrease the quantity
of pollution generated by firms"
A)would likely be made by an economist acting as a policy advisor.
B)would require value judgements and statistic data in order to be evaluted
C)would require statistic data but not value judgements in order to be evalu
ted.
D)could not be evaluted by economists acting as scientists.
4.You wear either shorts(運動短褲) or sweatpants(運動長褲)every day. You notice
that sweatpants are now on sale, so your demand for
A)sweatpants will increase.
B)sweatpants will decrease.
C)shorts will increase.
D)shorts will decrease.
5.Pizza is a normal good if
A)the demand for pizza falls when income rises.
B)the demand for pizza rises when the price of pizza falls
C)the demand curve for pizza slopes downward.
D)the income elasticity of demand for pizza is positive.
6.There is no "shortage" of scarce resources in a market economy because in
that market,
A)resources are abundant.
B)supply is always greater than demand.
C)prices adjust to the equilibrium.
D)the government makes shortages illegal.
7.Suppose the government has imposed a price floor on cellular phones.Which of
the following events could transform the price floor from one that is binding
to one that is not binding(讓管制無效)?
A)Cellular phones become less popular.
B)Traditional land line phones(一般市話)become more expensive.
C)The components used to produce cellular phones become less expensive.
D)Firms expect the price of cellular phones to fall in the future.
8.A person who takes a prescription drug to control high cholesterol(膽固醇)
most likely has a demand for that drug that is
A)inelastic. B)unit elastic. C)elastic. D)perfectly elastic.
9.Jean-Paul says that he will spend exactly 75 cents a day on M&Ms,regardless
of the price of M&Ms.Jean-Paul's demand for M&Ms is
A)perfectly elastic. B)unit elastic. C)perfectly inelastic D)None of the abo
ve.
10.Harry's Barber Shop increased its total monthly revenue from $1,500 to
$1,800 when it raised the price of a haircut from $5 to $9. The price elasticity
of demand for Harry's Haircut is
A)0.00. B)0.70. C)1.00. D)1.43.
11.A decrease in supply will cause the largest increase in price when
A)both supply and demand are inelastic.
B)demand is elastic and supply is inelastic.
C)both supply and demand are elastic.
D)demand is inelastic and supply is elastic.
12.The ratio of the marginal utility of coffee to the marginal utility of donuts
is four for an individual maximizing utility . This implies that
A)a donut is four times more valuable than a cup of coffee.
B)the coffee to donuts price ratio is one to four(1/4).
C)the coffee to donuts price ratio is four to one (4).
D)this person always eats donuts with coffee.
13.Indifference curves graphically represent
A)income levels to achieve a given utility.
B)the constraints faced by individuals.
C)an individual's preferences.
D)the relative price of commodities.
14.The law of diminishing marginal utility refers to
A)a consumer's decrease in total utility as she consumes more units of a
good.
B)a consumer's decrease in additional utility as she consumes more units of
a good.
C)the idea that total utility is negative.
D)the idea that marginal utility is negative.
15.When marginal cost is greater than average cost,average cost is
A)rising.
B)falling.
C)constant.
D)either rising or falling depending on the economies of scale.
16.In the long run Firm A incurs total of #1,200 when output is 30 units and
$1,650 when output is 40 units. Firms A exhibits
A)diseconomies of scale because total cost is rising as output rises.
B)diseconomies of scale because average cost is rising as output rises.
C)economies of scale because total cost is rising as output rises.
D)economies of scale because average cost is falling as output rises.
17.Which of the following statements regarding a competitive market is not
correct?
A)Many buyers and many sellers in the market.
B)Price equals aveage revenue.
C)Firms can freely enter or exit the market.
D)Price exceeds marginal revenue.
18.The "invisible hand" refers to
A)the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into
promoting general economic well-being.
B)the fact that social planners sometimes have no intervene,even in perfectly
competitive markets,to make those markets more efficients.
C)the equality that results from market forces allocating the goods produced
in the market.
D)the automatice maximization of consumers surplus in free markets.
19.Efficiency is attained when
A)total surplus is maximized.
B)producer's opportunity costs are minimized.
C)all resources are being used.
D)consumer's total benefit are maximized.
20.Coffee and tea are substitutes.Bad weather that damages the coffee trees
would
A)increase coffee's consumer surplus and decrease tea's producer surplus.
B)increase coffee's consumer surplus and increase tea's producer surplus.
C)decrease coffee's consumer surplus and increase tea's producer surplus.
D)decrease coffee's consumer surplus and decrease tea's producer surplus.
第貳部分:問答題(共60分)
一、下表為魯夫(R)與喬巴(J)兩國在一年內分別可以生產的最大商品數量。請根據下表
回答以下問題。(15分)
______________________________
汽車(C) 飛機(A)
______________________________
魯夫(R) 8 32
喬巴(J) 24 48
______________________________
1.畫出兩國的生產可能曲線。
2.兩國生產兩商品的機會成本各為多少？
3.兩者應該專業化分工生產何種商品？請問你是根據何種原則？
4.兩商品的價格(或交換比例)至少應該落在哪個區間，兩國才願意進行專業
化生產？
5.承上題，兩國若根據這樣的價格交易，請利用題(1)的圖形說明，雙方將彼
此獲利。
二、假設台大水源校區每次拍賣腳踏車的供給量為Q^s=5，學生的需求函數為Q^p=25-1/6P
請回答以下問題。(15分)
1.假設台大水源校區放任腳踏車價格由市場自由決定，此時市場均衡價格
(P*, Q*)為多少?
2.承上題，此時的消費者剩餘、生產者剩餘各為多少?
3.假設台大水源校區把腳踏車價格訂為每台60元，會有多少人想買而買不到腳
踏車?又怎麼樣的人可以買到腳踏車?
4.承上題，此時的絕對損失最多為多少?最少為多少?
5.題(3)，價格從P*降為60元的需求彈性為多少?請用文字解釋你所算出來的值
三、下圖是某消費者選擇消費兩種巧克力Xtra與Yap的偏好。假設「預算限制線」的斜率
為Px/Py，消費者的所得為10元。請根據下圖回答以下問題:(14分)
(圖略)
1.假設Xtra的價格為2元，則消費者追求效用極大下時，他的消費選擇為圖上
那一點?請用邊際效用分析法說明(4分)
2.假設Xtra的價格為1元，d點是否為消費者追求效用極大下的選擇?如果是，為
什麼? 如果不是，要如何改變才能達到效用極大?請用邊際效用分析法說明(2
分)
3.請根據上圖，畫出Xtra的個人需求曲線。(4分)
4.若Xtra免費贈送，你什麼時候會買Yap巧克力?請用無益曲線分析法說明(4分)\
四、在完全競爭市場下，若市場均衡價格為$20，而廠商的成本函數為TC=20+Q^2，且
MC=2Q。請回答以下問題。(12分)
1.請算出利潤極大化之產量、利潤、平均變動成本以及平均固定成本。
2.廠商的供給曲線之方程式為何?解釋其經濟利益
3.當價格落在何處?該廠商將面臨虧損且繼續生產?為甚麼?
五、根據下圖說明完全競爭市場如何調整至長期均衡。(4分)
(圖略)
第參部分、「是」「非」「不定」題。以下敘述如果「對」，請標示"T"，如果「錯」，
請標示"F"，若是「不一定」對錯，標示"U。但必須簡略解釋你的答案，不解釋不給分
(每題4分，共20分)
1.新生南路上有一家雜貨店，老闆王五是房東也是店裡唯一的店員，每個月雜貨店
的淨收入有5萬元，從機會成本的角度來看，王五經營這家雜貨店的經濟利潤一
定大於零，因此應該繼續經營。
2.「自願就學方案」對「學生間的競爭行為」看法錯誤。
3.「價值的矛盾」可以用「消費者剩餘」來解釋。
4.農人在採收農產品時，經常明知理虧，仍然努力採收，是因為他們不知道已經
虧損了。
5.管制下用「排隊」、禁止「黃牛」的方式，分配有限資源，既公平又有效率。
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