課程名稱︰總體經濟學一
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰梁明義
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰98/1/12
考試時限（分鐘）：140mins
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
1.(20%)Assume that the following equations summarize the structure of an
economy：
(1) C = Ca + 0.75 ( Y - T )
(2) Ca = 120 - 30r
(3) Ip = 180 - 10r
(4) T = Ta + 0.2Y
(5) NX = NXa - 0.1Y
(6) Y = C + Ip + G + NX
d
(7) (M/P) = hY - fr
s d
(8) M /P =(M/P)
d s
其中C,Y,T,Ca,Ip,NX,G,r,(M/P) ,M ,P等為變數，Ta,NXa,h,f等為參數。
(a)(5%)請用中文註明所有變數各代表什麼。哪些是內生變數？What is the equation
of IS curve? What is the equation of the LM curve?
s
(b)(5%)現假定NXa = 150, G = 500 , Ta = 200 , h = 1 , f = 20 , M = 3600,
P = 3。 請就新增加的資訊導出IS與LM equations。均衡下Y與r值各多少？
請畫出IS-LM圖形，特別要標明IS曲線跟Y軸與r軸相交點之(Y,r)值為多少。
(c)(5%)If government spending increases by 100, what is the amount of
autonomous spending that is crowded out by this expansionary fiscal
policy? By how much the Fed(央行) must increase the money supply if
it wants to avoid the crowding out of this expansionary fiscal policy?
What will be the new value of real GDP?
(d)(5%)說明Strong and Weak Effects of Monetary Policy。
2.(20%)
(a)(10%)美國在1982-1987年期間由大量「財政赤字」導致大量「外貿赤字」。
試以IS-LM模型架構說明這「雙赤字」形成的原因與過程。課本稱此過程為
international crowding out。請說明這種crowding out effect與
domestic crowding out的不同。
(b)(5%)試說明比較 Structural 與Cyclical Budget Deficits 的觀念，務必
以圖形輔助您的說明。您覺得Gordon認為美國在1982-1987年期間的「財政
赤字」是Structural或Cyclical Deficit？
(c)(5%)Explain why the net international investment position of the
United States changed from only -19.0 percent of GDP in 2001 to
-19.2 percent of GDP in 2006 despite rather large current account
deficits during each of those years. 又從1986年以來，美國的 net
international investment position 變成負的，且不斷加大。然其 net
investment income from the rest of the world 卻仍然是正的。為什麼？
3.(20%)
(a)(5%)為何凱因斯在1944年主導Bretton Woods conference要決定採用「固定
匯率制度」？這個制度有何優點？有何缺點？為何這個制度到了1973年無法
再維持下去？
(b)(5%)What is the relationship between a country's foreign exchange
rate and its net exports? Why? What is the relationship between a
country's interest rate and its foreign exchange rate? Why?
(c)(5%)Explain how China was able to maintain an essentially fixed
exchange rate between its currency, the yuan, and the dollar from
1995 through 2005. Explain why China would have wanted to maintain
this fixed exchange rate.
(d)(5%)說明fiscal expansion in a small open economy with fixed exchange
rate 與 with flexible exchange rate 的不同。
4.(20%)在課堂上介紹一個 old classical 代數模型：
D D
(1) N = N (W/P)
S S
(2) N = N (W/P)
D S
(3) N (W/P) = N (W/P)
D _
(4) Y = F ( N , K )
(5) C = Ca + c( Y - T )
(6) Ip = Ip(r)
(7) Y = C + Ip + G + NX
s
(8) M /P = L( Y , r )
_
(9) W = W/P * P
(a)(5%)試問在這個總體經濟模型裏含有哪些「行為函數」(behavioral functions)?
請一一列舉說明，務必要指明每一個函數關係的自變數與因變數。
(b)(10%)凱因斯於1936年出版「一般理論」後，約有一、二十年期間其跟隨者與較
贊同古典模型的學者有不少理論上的爭辯，稱之Neoclassicists versus
Keynesians controversy。試問此controversy在「第一回合」中他們爭執的重點
如何？最後的synthesis如何？在你的說明中務必要提及下列觀念在這個
controversy中所扮演的角色： monetary impotence, real balance effect,
expectations effect, redistribution effect, nominal wage rigidity。
(c)(5%)Gordon提供一些大恐慌時期的統計資料。試問Gorden比較贊同Keynes或
古典學者對於"What Caused the Great Depression"的解釋？為什麼？
5.(20%)
(a)(10%)Joseph Stiglitz 以 New Keynesian 方面的論著得2001 年諾貝爾經濟學
獎。試問一位經濟學者持怎樣的「看法」或「態度」可稱之為"Keynesian"？
試說明Stiglitz認為「2008年金融危機」是如何發生(How We Got Here)以及該
如何因應(How to Fix it)。
(b)(5%)說明瑞典在1990年代發生金融危機的處理過程以及我們從其經驗所能學習的
valuable lessons。
(c)(5%)說明「What China Can Learn From 1929」一文所要表達的 message。
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 218.166.102.18
※ 編輯: lushenha 來自: 218.166.102.18 (01/12 20:00)