課程名稱︰財政學
課程性質︰系必修
課程教師︰李顯峰
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰99/11/16
考試時限（分鐘）：110分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
注意：須附推理說明計算過程及理由，若只列出答案，即使答案對，並不予記分。
試題紙計一頁。
1.(10%)(1)何謂福利經濟學第一基本定理(The First Fundamental Theorem of
Welfare Economics)? 福利經濟學第二基本定理(The Second Fundamental Theorem
of Welfare Economics)? 二者有何關係？
(2)福利經濟學第二基本定理是否說明經濟效率(efficiency)與經濟公平(equity)相
衝突? 福利經濟學第二基本定理是否意涵著要求政府完全不參與經濟活動？
2.(20%)試問：(1)試問柏拉圖效率條件(Pareto optimality)與「次佳理論」(theory of
the second best)是否存在差異?對經濟一般均衡的條件導致哪些變化?
(2)若全社會只有一家公營事業及一家民營事業，分別都只生產一項產品。若公營
事業採取獨占定價方式(monopoly pricing)，並且政府對民營事業課徵定額稅(a unit
tax)，另公營事業與民營事業的產品可互為替代品(subtitutes)，試繪圖說明社會
福利水準將提高或降低?
3.(20%)Suppose that an economy consists of two peoples: Ms.T and Mr.J. Their
marginal utility functions are given by:
MU =600-2I and MU =700-3I , where I is Ms. T's income and I is Ms. J's
T T J J T J
income. There is a total income of I=700 generated by the economy.
(1)Compute the optimal income distribution for the two people, assuming that
society values each person's utility equally, i.e. W=U +U . Is this income
T J
distribution optimal? Why?
(2)Draw a graph and identify the welfare loss to society of an egalitarian（均
等主義）income distribution where Ms. T and Mr. J are each allocated income
of 350. Is an egalitarian income distribution also optimal?
(3)Explain tha assumption made in this type of analysis (1) and (2), regarding
the relationship between the income distribution and the total income in the
economy.
(4)Compare an Utilitarian model of income redistribution and an Rawlsian model
of income redistribution, i.e. W=min[U ,U ]. How can one increase the social
T J
welfare level from these two models?
Is it necessary that the slope of the expansion ray connecting the corners of
the Rawlsian social welfare function be 45 degrees? Why?
4.(20%)請問(1)若社會中只有二個成員A與B，同時消費一種私有財X及一種
純粹公共財Z，試繪圖或以方程式說明純粹公共財的最適供給條件。（註：不需以
方程式證明獲得供給條件。）
(2)若一個城市中只有A、B、C三位成員，以納稅方式支付路燈的成本，其享受
路燈的邊際效益MB(marginal benefits)分別如下:
A B C
MB =150-0.5Z, MB =200-0.5Z, MB =200-Z,
假若所有路燈的邊際成本為MC=100+Z，試問最適合的路燈數目為若干?A、
B、C三位成員分別須繳納若干稅款?
(3)若三位成員中，只有B不願納稅(即 free riding)，請問是否能設計一種機制來
防範？
5.(15%)Suppose that the marginal benefit associated with SOO production is MB=
3.5. The marginal private cost of production SOO is MPC=2+0.1Q, where Q
measures kilograms of SOO produces in thousands. The marginal damages caused by
pollution in SOO prodution are given by MD=0.05Q.
a. Compute the privately optimal output and the socially optimal output of SOO,
and the social deadweight loss in each case.
b. Compute new solutions for an increase in MB to MB=4.5. Explain what has
happened and why?
c. What is the Pigouvian tax revenue for the government, when the pollution
could be solved?
6.(15%)目前柳丁滯銷，政府為解決滯銷的問題，擬實施下列政策措施：(1)每人
發一筆現金、(2)規定每人都須免費領數箱柳丁(in-kind transfer)、(3)補助每人買柳
丁的支出(price subsidy)，請問何者分別較能達到(1)政策目標?(2)受補助者最喜歡
的方式?(3)若欲透過每人發一筆現金與補助每人買柳丁的支出，須支出若干現金
補助才能達到相同的政策目的?
完 卷
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