[試題]

[bossrabbit (兔子)]

課程名稱︰ 經濟學一
課程性質︰ 選修兼A5通識
課程教師︰ 李曉雲
開課學院：
開課系所︰
考試日期（年月日）︰2012/12/18
考試時限（分鐘）：120min.
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）

試題 :
I 單選題(35% 每題5分)
1. How does a club good differ from a public good?
   (a) A club good is consumed by many people together
   (b) One person consuming a club good doesn't interfere with consumption of
       the good by others
   (c) A club good has a high fixed cost
   (d) Users of a club good can be forced to pay
2. Under what conditions might a tax cause no deadweight loss?
   (a) When demand is perfectly inelastic
   (b) When supply is perfectly inelastic
   (c) When the market is subject to negative externalities
   (d) Both (a) and (b)
3. Williams walks Carolyn's dog once a day for $50 per week. Carolyn values
   this service at $60 per week, while the opportunity cost of Williams' time
   is $30 per week. The government places a tax of $35 per week on dog walkers
   . After the tax , what is the loss in total surplus?
   (a) $50
   (b) $30
   (c) $25
   (d) 0
4. When a buyer's willingness to pay for a good is equal to its price,
   (a) the buyer will buy as much of the good as the buyer's budget allows
   (b) the price of the good exceeds the value that the buyer places on the
       good
   (c) the buyer is indifferent between buying the good and not buying it
   (d) the buyer's consumer surplus for that good is maximized
5. An important difference between a tariff and a quota is that
   (a) tariff reduce imports but quotas do not
   (b) tariff hurt foreign producers but quotas do not
   (c) a tariff typically generates tax revenue while a quota does not
   (d) governments can lift quotas at any time but a tariff can not
6. When a negative externality exists in a market, the cost to producers
   (a) will be the same as the cost to society
   (b) will be less than the cost to society
   (c) will differ from the cost to society, regardless of whetehr an
       exernality is present
   (d) is greater than the cost to society
7. In many cases the Coase theorem dose not work well because
   (a) there are too few pqrties at the negotiation table
   (b) trasaction osta are too low
   (c) the government does not know about the Coase theorem
   (d) transaction costs are too high
II 是非問答題(15% 請於答案卷上註名「T」or「F」，並簡短說明理由)
未說明者或未標註T or F 者不予計分，解釋請勿超過30字，違者扣分
1. Internalizing a negative externality will cause an industry to decrease the
   quantity it supplies th the market and decrease the price of the good
   produced.
2. When classifying types of goods in the economy , two characteristics should
   be examined.
   a. Rivalty in consumption: the property of a good whereby a person can be
      prevented from using it.
   b. Excludability: the property of a good whereby one person's use
      diminishes other people's use.
3. Deadweight loss measures the loss of equality in a market due to government
   inetervention.
III 分析題(50% 作答時請務必標示清楚，標示不清或無計算過程不予計分)
1. International Trade(20% 4;8;8)
   Suppose the U.S. government imposes a $0.4 per pound tariff on rice imports.
   Figure8-2 shows the impact of this tariff. Use the figure to answer the
   following question(s).
    price    │
(dollars per │
    pound)   │╲
             │  ╲             ∕ US supply
             │    ╲          ∕
             │      ╲       ∕
             │        ╲    ∕
             │          ╲ ∕
             │    A       ∕
             │           ∕ ╲
             ∣          ∕    ╲
             ∣         ∕  B    ╲
        $1.00┼────∕─────`───────────────Pw + tariff
             ∣       ∕│         │╲
             ∣  C   ∕D│   E     │F ╲
        $0.60┼───—─────────`───────────world price(Pw)
             ∣    ／│ │         │      ╲
             ∣G ／  │ │         │        ╲
             ∣／H   │I│   J     │  K       ╲
             ∣      │ │         │            ╲
             └──────────────────────────────
           0         9  15         31             42

   a. 請利用途中的代號描述美國政府可以收到的關稅利益
   b. 請利用途中的代號描述生產者及消費者剩餘在課稅後的變化區塊
   c. 美國政府此次課稅是對社會總福利造成影響?如果有，請利用途中代號描述；並舉
      例說明為何政府在明知道對社會福利造成影響的情況下，仍然認為課徵關稅是必要
      之措施。

2. Externalities(15% 7;4;4)
請閱讀以下敘述，並回答下列問題
「根據媒體報導，高屏地區空氣品質糟糕，環保團體續實施空汙量管制。其中有很大的原
因是因為南台灣為台灣的工業重心，在工業蓬勃帶動台灣經濟的同時，所排放出來的廢氣
也開始傷害到居民的生活品質。舉例來說，高雄市興達、大林、南部三座火力發電廠提供
了生活用電，但燃燒煤炭所排放出的廢棄也造就了高屏地區的空氣污染。」
   a. 繪圖說明火力方電廠運作過程中，社會福利的最大發電量(Q*)與台灣電力公司(生
      產者)利潤最大發電量(Q1)之關係。
   b. 政府可以利用什麼方法，使電力公司的發電量從Q1改為Q*?
   c, 如果政府把發電廠關閉，請在塗上說明社會福利的損失有多大?

3. Public Goods and Common Resources(15% 5;4;6)
國防部宣布，民國103年底正式實施募兵制。然而面臨是否充足的問題，國防部方面始終
沒有一個答案。就經濟學角度而言，國防是經濟學上定義的公共財，而國防(公共財)的
最是數量，則由人們決定。
假設我們將人區分為男性和女性(人妖不論)，男性與女性對國防的需求函數分別為
P=10-Q 和 P=6-Q，請回答下列問題。
   a. 請求算社會對於國防武器的總需求
   b. 假設一單位國防的價格為5，請問最適的國防需求量為多少
   c. 請問在最是國防需求量之下，男性與女性的消費者剩餘分別為多少?

IV 加分題(15%)
告別單身主義者認為，單方結婚才能保障人類在男女關係中免於被歧視剝削；若是兩願結
婚，則宅男或腐女會被迫留在此一壓迫與歧視單身的社會中。
試以Coase theorem 詮釋此一論點。

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