課程名稱︰社會學
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰賴守誠
開課學院：生農學院
開課系所︰農推系
考試日期（年月日）︰97/1/16
考試時限（分鐘）：60分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
壹、專業英文中譯(共十小題 50%；作答時間：60分鐘)：
1.The sociological imagination is the ability to see the societal patterns
that influence individual and group life. ... Sociology should be used,
Mills argued, to reveal how the context of society shapes ours live. He
described this as understanding the intersection between biography and
history. Mills thought that to understand the experience of a given person
or group of people, one had to have knowledge of the social and historical
context in which people lived.
2.According to symbolic interaction theory, human actions are based on the
meanings we attribute to things and these meaning emerge through social
interaction. ... Because roles are socially defined, they are not like
objects of things, but they are real because of the maenings people give
them. ... For symbolic interactionist, meaning is constantly reconstructed
as people act within their environments.
3.Weber disagree with Marx that economic forces are the primary dimension of
stratification. Prestige is the judgment or recognition given to a person
or group. Weber uses the term status (or prestige) to refer to the social
dimension of stratification. Weber understood that class distinctions are
linked to status distinctions. ... Prestige is related to economic standing
but may be independent of income.
4.Feminist theory refers to analyses that seek to understand the position of
women in society for the purposes of bringing about liberating social
changes. Feminist theory assumes that theory is important, not just because
it analyzes gender and society, but because it also assumes that change is
essential to make women fully equal citizens. Underlying feminist theory is
also the idea that gender relations are fundamental to how society has been
organized snd that understanding how this is so is critical to the success
of the feminist movement.
5.Gender stratification tends to be supported by beliefs that accept gender
inequality. An ideology is a belief system that tries to explain and justify
the status qro. Sexism is an ideology, but it is also a set of
intitutionalized practices and beliefs through which women are controlled
because of the significance given to differences between the sexs. Like
racism, sexism distorts reality, making behaviors seem natural when they are
rooted in entrenched systems of power and privilege.
6.The concept of anomie is defined by Durkheim as the condition that exists
when social regulation in s society break down.This term refer not to an
individual state of mind, but to social conditions. The controlling
influences of society are no longer effective, and people exist in a state
of relative normlessness. Anomie is reflected in how individuals feel, but
its origins are in society. When behavior is no longer regulated by common
norms and values, individuals are left without moral guidance.
7.Sexual politics refers to the link between sexuality and power. Feminists
have argued that on cannot have ab equal or satisfying sexual relationship
if one is powerless in a relationship or is defined as the property of
someone else.
8.Modernization theory examines the factors internal to an individual country.
For economic development to occur, ... countries must change their
traditional attitudes, values, and institutions. ... World system theory
argues that there is a world economic system that must be understood as a
single unit, not as individual countries or group of countries. ...
According to this theory, the level of economic development is explained by
understanding each country's place snd role in the world economic system.
9.A sigma is an attribute that is socially devalued and discredited. ... The
experience of people who are disabled [or] disfigured ... are studied in
much the same way as other forms of social deviance. ... In Erving Goffman's
words, people with stigmas are perceived to have a "spoiled identity." When
others see them as deficient or inferior, they are caught in a role imposed
by the stigma. The stigmatized individuals may respond by trying to hide
their stigma or blame others.
10.Power is the ability of one person or group to exercise influence and contrl
over others. ... Power can be legitimate─that is, accepted by the members
of society as right amd just─or it can be illegitimate. Authority is power
that is perceived by others as legitimate, emerging from the exercise of
power and the belief of constituents that the power is legitimate. People
who accept the status quo as a legitimate system of authority perceive the
guardians of law to be exercising legitimate power.
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