課程名稱︰社會學
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰賴守誠
開課學院：生農學院
開課系所︰農業推廣學系
考試日期（年月日）︰96/11/14
考試時限（分鐘）：60分鐘 (14:20~15~20)
是否需發放獎勵金：是^^
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
壹、專業英文中譯(共十小題 40%；作答時間：60分鐘)
1.Verstehen refers to understanding social behavior from the point of those
engaged in it. ... One of Weber's major contributions was the definition of
social action as a behavior to which poeple give meaning. Social behavior
is more than just action. People do things in a context and use their
interpretive abilities to understand ad give meaning to their action.
2.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that language provides the categories
through which social reality is understood. In other words, Sapir and Whorf
thought that language determines what people think because language forces
people to perceive the world in certain terms. It is not that you perceive
something first and then think of how to express it, but that language itself
determines what you think and perceive.
3.The power of sociological thinking is that it helps us see everyday life in
new ways. Sociologists question actions and ideas that most people take for
granted. Peter Berger calls this process debunking. Debunking refers to
looking behind the facades of everyday life. ... Sociologists look at the
behind-the-scenes pattern and process that shape the behavior they observe
in the social world.
4.The dominant culture is the culture of the most powerful group in society.
It is the cutural form that receives the most support from major
institutions and constitutes the major belief system. ... Subculture are the
cultures of groups whose values and norms of behavior differ from those of
the dominant culture. ... They may be indentifiable by their appearance or
perhaps by language, dialet, or other cultural markers.
5.Taking the role of the other is the process of imagining oneself from the
point of view of another. To Mead, role-taking is a source of self-awareness
. ... In the imitation stage, children merely copy the behavior of those
around tem. Role-taking in this phase is nonexistent because the child is
simly mimics the behavior of those in the surrounding environment without
much understanding of the social meaning of the behavior.
6.Religious rituals are symbolic activities that express a group's spiritual
convictions. ... In Durkheim's view, religious rituals are vehicles for the
creation, experssion, and reinforcement of social cohesion. ... Whether the
rituals of a group are highly elaborate or casually informal, they are
symbolic behaviors that freshen a group's awareness of its unifying beliefs.
7.The Enlightenment in 18th and 19th century Europe had an enormous influence
on the development of modern sociology. Also known as the Age of Reason, the
Enlightenment was characterized by the faith in the ability of human reason
to solve society's problem. Intellectuals believed that there were natural
laws and processes in society to be discovered and used for general good.
8.The sociological imagination is the ability to see the societal patterns
that influence individual and group life. ... Sociology should be used,
Mills argued, to reveal how the context of society shapes our lives. He
descibed this as understanding the intersection between biography and
history. Mills thought that to understanding the experience of a given
person or group of people, one had to have knowledge of the social and
historical context in which people lived.
9.A role is the expected behavior associated with a particular status. Thus,
a role is a collection of expectations that others have for a person
occpying a particular status. Statuses are occupied; role are acted or
"played."Usually, people behave in their role as others expect them to, but
not always. ... Some roles may clash with each other, a situation called
role conflict, where two or more roles are associated with contradictory
expectations.
10.According to symbolic interaction theory, human actions are based on the
meanings we attribute to things and these meanings emerge through social
interaction. ... Because roles are socially defined, they are not real like
objects of things, but they are real because of the meanings people give
them. ...For symbolic interactionists, meaning is constantly reconstructed
as people act within their social environments.
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※ 編輯: pinkpen13 來自: 140.112.237.246 (11/14 22:20)