課程名稱︰社會科學研究方法下
課程性質︰系必修
課程教師︰賴守誠
開課學院：生農學院
開課系所︰生傳系
考試日期（年月日）︰100/4/21
考試時限（分鐘）：100分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、專業英文中譯(共十小題，佔50%):
1. Social theory can be defined as a system of interconnected ideas that
condenses and organizes knowledge about the social world. ...One of the major
functions of theory is to order experience with the help of concept. It also
selects relevant aspects and data among the enormous multitude if "facts' that
confront the investigator of social phenomena. ...Researchers focus on
theoretical explanation,a logical argument that tells why something occurs.
2.A positivist approach implies that a researcher begins with a cause-effect
relationship that he or she logically derives from a possible causal law in
general theory. He or she logically links the abstract ideas to precise
measurements of the social world. ...These processes lead to an empirical test
of and comfirmation for the laws of social life as outlined in a theory.
3.All researchers use two processes:conceptualization and operationalization in
measurement. Conceptualization is the process developing clear,rigorous ,
systematic conceptual definitions for abstract ideas/concepts. A conceptual
definition is a definition in abstract,theoretical terms. It refers to other
ideas or construct. ...Operationalization links a conceptual definition to a
specific set of measurement techniques or procedures,the construct's
operational definition(i.e.,a definition in terms of the specific operations
or actions a researcher carries out).
4.A common error when writing a first literature review is to list summaries of
articles,one study after another. This indicates an imcomplete process that
stopped before synthesis. ...Your goal is to produce a compact document that
clearly summarizes what many studies say about a research question. ...A good
literature review communicates its purpose to the reader by its organization.
If you write a review by listing a series of summaries,you fail to communicate
a sense of purpose.
5.If you cannot locate a computerized random number generator to create a pure
random sample,there is a quasi-random method,systematic sampling. ...You still
must number each element in the sampling frame as in a simple random sample,but
instead of using a pure random process to create a list of random sample,you
calculate a sampling interval. It tells you how many elements to skip in the
sampling frame befor you pick one for your sample.
6.Research is less a single thing than an ongoing process. The process has
multiple parts or steps and adheres to gudelines. the parts come together and
ultimately yield a product. The product of the research process is knowledge
or information. In other words,research results are answers to questions.
...Good research also stimulates new thinking and raises new questions,
questions that you would not have imagined until you did the research.
7.Each research approach has its own set of philosophical assumptions and
principle and its own stance on how to do research. ...They prescibe what good
social research involves, justify why one should do research,relate values
to research,and guide ethical behavior. ...The approaches are similar to a
research program,research tradition,or scientific paradigm. A paradigm,an idea
made famous by Kuhn,means a basic orientaion to theory and research.
8.Mechanical model of man refers to a model of human nature used in positivist
socal science stating that observing people's external behaviors and
documenting outside forces acting on them are sufficient to provide adequate
explamations of human thought and action. ...The interpretive approach holds
that social life is based on socially constructed meaning. Constructionist
orientation is an orientation toward social reality that assumes the beliefs
and meaning people create and use fundamentally shape what reality is for them.
9.Because existing statistical data are easily accessible,you may be able to
get a lot of data on an issue you know little about. This can lead to erroneous
assumptions or false interpretations of results. Before using any data,you
should become informed about the topic. ...The ecological fallacy happens when
your research question is about a lower-small unit of analysis (such as
individual behavior) but you only have data on a higher-larger unit of analysis
(an entire state).
10.Qualitative researchers focus more on how the sample or small collection of
cases,units,or activities illuminates social life. The primary purpose of
sampling is to collect specific cases,events,or actions that can clarify and
deepen understanding. ...The logic and power of purposive sampling lies in
selecting information-rich cases for study in depth. Information-rich cases are
those from which one can learn a great deal about issues of central importance
to the purpose of the inquiry.
二，專業名詞解釋(共10小題，佔50%);
*每題作答總字數請以100字中文為基準。
1.critical thinking
2.ideal type
3.critical social science
4.snowball sampling
5.manifest coding and latent coding
6.empirical social research
7. content analysis
8.interpretative social science
9.nomothetic vs. idiographic
10.causal explanation
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