課程名稱︰昆蟲生態學
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰洪淑彬
開課系所︰昆蟲系
考試時間︰11/4/2002
試題 :
一、解釋名詞(30%)
1. Field experiments
2. Type Ⅰ error
3. Standard error
4. Spatial scale
5. Allozymes
6. Effective population size
7. Pseudoextinction
8. Inclusive fitness
9. Kin selection
10. Reciprocal altruism
11. Selfish-herd theory
12. Semelparity
13. Polygamy
14. Type Ⅲ survivorship curve
15. Time-lags model
二、簡答(30%)
1. Unexpected ecological problems of Aswan Dam
2. Benefits of group living of Forest tent caterpillars
3. Hypothesis concerning biodiversity and ecosystem function
4. Four types of chromosome mutation
5. The processes reduce genetic diversity
6. Reasons foor differences in extinction rate between islands and
continental areas
7. The main threat categories used for threatened species
8. Four main drawbacks of group selection
9. Exceptions to sex ratio 1:1
10. Logistic growth assumptions
11. Why r = ln R0/T?
三、選擇題(30%)
1. What is not an advantage to the Aswan Dam?
a.increased hydroelectric power
b.increased prevalence of schistosomiasis
c.increased number of crops per year
d.increased area of agricultural land
2. Which hypothesis, concerning diversity on Earth, states that
biodiversity and ecosystme function are not linked?
a.redundancy hypothesis
b.idiosyncratic hypothesis
c.rivet hypothesis
d.diversity-stability hypothesis
3. lx is:
a. proportion of organisms surviving
b. mean expectation of life
c. a rate of mortality
d. number of organisms dying
e. age interval
4. An isolated population of 1,000 will retain what percentage of its
genetic diversity after two generation?
a. 1000
b. .001
c. 0.0005
d. 0.002
e. 500
5. An isolated population of 1,000 will retain what percent age of its
genetic diversity after two generations?
a. 100
b. .001
c. 0.0005
d. 0.002
e. 500
6. The "50/500" rule, which has entered conservation literature as magic
numbers, concern, respectively, the effects of
a. genetic drift and inbreeding
b. genetic drift and mutation
c. inbreeding and genetic drift
d. mutation and inbreeding
7. Which life history trait has generally been recognized as decreasing
a species sensitivity to extinction?
a. lack of dispersal ability
b. lower trophcic status
c. low longevity
d. low fecundity
e. rarity
8. Based on the knowledge of 484 extinct species, the least important
cause of extinction is
a. introduced animals
b. habitat destruction
c. hunting
d. no cause assigned
9. In terms of human activities, which factor did kerr and currie
hypothesize does not influence susceptibility to extinction?
a. human populatin
b. per cpita GNP
c. total cropland
d. CO2 levels
e. Extnet of protected land
10. In haplodiploid organisms, sisters are related by r =
a. 0.75
b. 0.25
c. 1.0
d. 0.5
11. In 1974, Richard Alexander advocated five ecological reason which
could promote a caste system in mammals. Which was not one of these
reasons?
a. R values of 0.75 between daughters
b. Opportunity fo heroism
c. Confinement to nests
d. Parental care
e. Mechanism for queen to manipulate workers
12. What is a correlate of r-selected species?
a. Type Ⅰ survivorship
b. Great copetitive ability
c. Large body size
d. Population size constant
13. For plants, Grime proposed the R, C, and S strategies, where S
represents
a. copetitors
b. ruderals
c. tolerators
14. In a life table, if nx= 1000, and dx =200, what is lx
a. 0.25
b. 4.0
c. 0.8
d. 1.2
e. 200
15. If nx= 50, nx+1= 40, dx= 10, and lx= 0.8, then qx =
a. 4.0
b. 40
c. 0.2
d. 0.08
e. 60
16. If nx= 100, nx+1= 90, dx= 10, and lx= 0.9, then Lx
a. 10
b. 90
c. 0.9
d. 95
e. 0.1
17. In a life table, if nx=100, Lx=90, Tx=300, and dx=20, what is ex
a. 0.3
b. 3.0
c. 1.11
d. 15
e. 4.5
18. If Fx=5000 and nx=10, and R0=1.1, then mx=
a. 500
b. 11
c. 0.002
d. 5500
e. 50,000
19. In deterministic geometric growth of a univoltine organism, if Nt=1-
and R0 =2, then Nt+1=
a. 20
b. 5
c. 100
d. 12
20. If b= 0.55, d= 0.45 and N=1000, then dN/dt=
a. 1000
b. 1222.2
c. 100
d. 5500
e. 4500
一、請說明Global warming 形成的原因、對生態系的衝擊及解決對策。（10分）
二、舉例說明物理因子影響種的豐度及種的數目（physical factors and species
abundance and numbers of species）。（10分）
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