課程名稱︰普通化學甲(下)
課程性質︰物理系大一必帶
課程教師︰陸駿逸
開課學院：理學院
開課系所︰物理系
考試日期（年月日）︰99/04/21
考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
1.(25 pts)Write down the definitions of
(a)gas temperature
(b)absolute temperature
(c)ideal gas
(d)thermodynamic entropy
(e)Boltzmann's entropy
2.(15 pts)18g H2O melts from ice to liquid at the room temperature T=300K
From the data you remember calculate the work and the heat to estimate
the entropy change of the surrounding. (kB=1.38*10^-23J/K)
3.(10 pts)When the chemical reaction A+B＝C+D finally reaches the
equilibrium , one has the condition K=[C][D]/[A][B]. From the thermodynamic
point of view, why does the equilibrium condition appears as the product
of the concentration (rather than, say addition or other combination of
the consentration) ? (＝表示正逆反應)
4.(15 pts)When the chemical reaction A+B＝C+D reaches the equilibrium in a
very high concentration (inside a living cell for example), how to modify
K=[C][D]/[A][B] to include the effect of the finite molecule sizes ?
5.(20 pts)In a Einstein model of the solid, each atom vibrates around the
crystal lattice point. The allowed energy levels are En=(n+1/2)hν for
each direction (for example x,y,z). Calculate the internal energy for
N atoms. Show that its specific heat becomes very small at the low
temperature, and it is also consistant with the Dulong-Petit law.
6.(20 pts)Van Der Waal's model predicts a gas liquid transition. When
the temperture and the volume are controlled suitably, one can study
the coexisting gas/liquid phases. The free energy is as below where a,b
are constant. Without the detailed calculation, outline the procedure to
calculate the entropy (per mole) for the coexisting gas and coexisting
liquid. Draw thea qualitative picture to illustrate the entropy difference
as the function of the temperature.
F = 3/2NkT - NT [k ln(T^3/2 * (V-Nb)/N) + So ] - aNkT *N/V
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