推 cyanin:真...真是辛苦了 ||| 01/16 16:27
課程名稱︰普化丙
課程性質︰系定必修
課程教師︰彭旭明
開課系所︰醫學系
考試時間︰2005.10.21
試題 :
h(Planck's constant)=6.626*10^-34 J*s
c(speed of loght)=2.998*10^8 m*s^-1
(1)Write the formula of the following compounds:(10%)
(a)zinc chloride (b)barium hydroxide
(c)aluminum oxide (d)hydrogen cyanide
(e)titanium dioxide (f)hydrogen sulfide
(g)dinitrogen pentoxide (h)hypocholrous acid
(i)phosphoric acid (j)carbonic acid
(2)Name each of the following compounds in English:(10%)
(a)NaHCO3 (b)H2SO3
(c)Co(NO3)2‧6H2O (d)Fe2O3
(e)Mg(OH)2 (f)MnO2
(g)NO and NO2 (h)HF
(i)(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 (j)CHCl2(CH2)3CH3
(k)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
(3)Consider the following statements about electromagnetic radiation and
decide whether they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
(a)The total intensity of radiation emitted from a black body at absolute
temperature T is directly proportional to the temperature.
(b)As the temperature of a black body increases, the wavelenth at which the
maximum is found decreases.
(c)Photons of radio-frequency radiation are higher in energy than photons
of ultraviolet radiation.
(d)The kinetic energy of an electron ejected from a metal surface when the
metal is irradiated with ultraviolet radiation is independent of the
frequency of the radiation.
(e)The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to the wavelenth of the
radiation.
(4)Infrared spectroscopy is an important tool for studying vibrations of
molecules. Just as an atom can absorb a photon of suitable energy to move
an electron from one electronic state to another, a molecule can absorb a
photon of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region to move from one
vibrational emergy level to another. In infrared spectroscopy it is common
to express energy in terms of v/c, with the units cm^-1 (read as reciprocal
centimeters).(6%)
(a)If an absorption occurs in the infrared spectrum at 3600 cm^-1,what is
the frequency of radiation that corresponds to that absorption?
(b)What is the energy, in joules(J), of that absorption?
(c)How much the energy would be absorbed by 1.00 mol of molecules absorbing
at 3600cm^-1 ?
(5)One way to describe the shape of atomic orbitals of H-atom is to know the
nodal surfaces, or simply nodes where the electron has zero probability.
According to the wave mechaniscs, for given orbitals nlm, there are "n-l-l"
special nodes, "l" angular nodes.(12%)
(a)How many nodes are there for each of 1s,2s,3s orbitals? Draw the electron
probability distribution for 1s,2s,3s orbitals.
(b)Draw the electron probability distribution for 2pz,3pz orbitals.
(c)Suppose that you begin at a distance far from nucleus on the z axis,
through the nucleus to a distance far on the -z axis. How many nodal
surfaces would you pass through for each of following orbitals:1s,2s,3s,
2pz,3pz.
(6)For each of the following ground-state atoms, predict the type of orbital
(1s,2s,3d,4f,etc.)from which an electron will be removed to form +1 ion:
(a)Zn;(b)Cl;(c)Al;(d)Cu.(8%)
(7)The Lewis structure of a mlecule represents the arrangement of valence
electrons among the atoms in the molecule. These representations are named
after G.N. Lewis.The rules for writing Lewis stuctures are based on the
observations of thousands of molecules, which that in most stable compounds
the atoms achieve noble gas electron configurations. Although this is not
always the case, it is so common that it provides a very useful place to
start.
(a)Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules.For those
with more than one Lewis structure draw all structures.(10%)
(1)N2 (2)NH3 (3)HN3 (4)H2SO4 (5)HNO3
(b)Carbon monoxide is an interesting molecule, draw the Lewis structure of
carbon monoxide, assign formal charges and oxidation states to the atoms
in carbon monoxide. Use these to explain why CO has a much smaller dipole
moment than is expected on the basis of electronegtivity.
(8)Write the Lewis structure, including typical contributions to the resonance
structure(where appropriate, allow for the possibility of octet expansion,
including double bonds in different positions),for (a)sulfite ion;(b)sulfur
tetrafluoride;(c)perchlorate ion;(d)dihydrogen phosphate ion;(e)nitrate ion.
(10%)
(9)VSEPR theory, developed by Sidgwick Powell, Nyholm and Gillespie (and
sometimes called Nyholm-Gillespie theory) the shape of a molecule may be
predicted by counting the number of bond pairs and lone pairs around each
atom, from whence its abbreviation derives: valence shell electron pair
repulsion. The rule is as follows: The valence electron pairs associated
with an atom, both bond pairs and lone pairs, arrange themselves so as to
minimize the repulsions between them.
Draw and describe the shape of the following molecules or ions:(10%)
(a)NH3 (b)HN3 (c)H2SO4 (d)HNO3 (e)SF4
(f)CH3^- (g)COCl2 (h)IF3 (i)PBr5 (j)BrO3^-
(10)(a)Consider a hypothetical species "HeH". What charge (magnitude and sign),
if any, should be present on this combination of atoms to produce the most
stable molecule or ion possible? (b)What is the maximum bond order that
such a molecule or ion could have? (c)If the charge on this species were
increased or decreased by one, what would be the effect on the bonding (
bond order, bond length, and bond energy) in the molecule (ion)?(8%)
(11)(a)On the basis of the configuration of the neutral molecule O2, write the
molecular orbital configuration of the valence molecular orbitals for (1)
O2^-;(2)O2^+;(3)O2^2-.(b)For each species, give the expected bond order.(c)
Which are paramagnetic, if any?(d)Is the highest-energy orbital that
contains an electron σ or π in character?(10%)
(12)Consider the molecules H2CCH2, H2CCCH2, and H2CCCCH2. (a)Draw Lewis
stuctures for these molecules. (b)What is the hybridization at each C atom
?(c)What type of bond connects the carbon atoms(single,double,ect)?(d)What
are the HCH, CCH, and CCC angles in these molecules?(e)Do all the hydrogen
atoms lie in the same plane? (f)A generalized formla for molecules of this
type is H2C(C)xCH2, where x is 0,1,2, etc. What can be said, if anything,
about the relative orientation of the H atoms at the ends of the chain as
function of x? (12%)
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