推 ALegmontnick:done 01/21 14:03
課程名稱︰普通物理乙
課程性質︰系定必修
課程教師︰傅昭銘
開課學院：醫學院
開課系所︰醫學院
考試日期（年月日）︰2008/11/12
考試時限（分鐘）：3小時
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
一. 選擇題 2pts/題 (單選/複選參雜)
1. Two balls of ideal motion, one is projectile and the other is free fall,
which both start to move at the same time. Which statements are correct?
1) In the projectile motion, the object moves with constant acceleration
in the vertical direction.
2) The vertical positions of the two balls are identical at identical times,
while the horizontal position of the projected ball increases linearly.
3) Kinematics can be applied to analyse both types of motion.
4) Both types of motion do not provide any implication for the dynamics,
i.e, without any insights as to mechanism caused the motion.
2. The figure (圖略) shows a boy swinging starting at a point higher than P.
Consider the following distinct forces:
A. a downward force of gravity
B. a force exerted by the rope pointing from P to O
C. a force in the direction of the boy's motion.
D. a force pointing from O to P.
Which of the above forces is acting on the boy when he is at position P?
1) A only
2) A and B
3) A and C
4) A, B, and C
5) A, C, and D
3. A hunter raised a gun to shoot a monster. The monster was scared, and
immediately fell down vertically to ground when shot. The hunter used two
kinds of bullet: light and heavy in weight, in the case of frictionless air
1) The light bullet was able to shoot the monster.
2) The heavy bullet is not able to shoot the monster.
3) Either the light or the heavy bullet was able to shoot the monster.
4) Neither the light nor the heavy bullet was able to shoot the monster.
4. A system of particles is known to have a total kinetic energy of zero.
Then, the momentum of the system is zero. If a system of particles is known
to have a total momentum of zero, does it necessarily follow that the
total kinetic energy of the system is also zero?
1) yes
2) no. why: ________________
5. Weighted hand in equilibrium condition depicted as the right figure (圖略).
(mg=50.0N, d=3.00cm, l=30.0cm) How much force does the Biceps make?
1) 30.0N
2) 50.0N
3) 500N
4) 300N
6. Two spheres have the same radius amd equal masses. One is made of solid
aluminum, and the other is made from a hollow shell of gold. Which one has
the bigger moment of inertia about an axis through its center?
1) solid aluminum
2) hollow gold
3) both is the same
7. Which is the following statement true about the elastic moduli of
materials?
1) Bulk Modulus measures the resistance of a solid to a change in its
length.
2) Shear Modulus measures the resistance to motion of the planes within a
solid paralell to each other.
3) The tensile strain is the ratio of the external force to the cross-
sectional area.
4) The tension stress is the ratio of the change in length to the original
length.
5) Young's modulus is the ratio of (tension stress)/(tensile strain).
8. What does the following statments about the fluid is right?
1) the mass flow flux is defined as the velocity times its cross-seciton.
2) the fluid is imcompressible because of its velocity kept constant all
the time.
3) the density of a fluid is defined as the ratio of its mass per unit
volume.
4) the specific gravity is defined as its weight per unit volume.
9. What does a Newtonian fluid mean? And what does a non-Newtonian fluid mean?
1) the air, water or small molecules are non-Newtonian fluid.
2) A Newtonian needs a start-up shearing stress.
3) A non-Newtonian means that the power law relation τ=η(du/dy)^n holds
true, for the case of n>1 or n<1.
4) A human blood is non-Newtonian for almost circumstances in circulation.
10. Which of the following statements is true about the Equation of Continuity
in a fluid?
1) the mass flow flux in fluid is constant everywhere.
2) for an incompressible fluid, its form can reduce as ρvA=constant
3) for a compressible fluid, its form can reduce as vA=constant
4) the volume flow flux in fluid is constant everywhere.
11. Which of the following statement, regarding the flow rate Q along the
round tube described by Poiseuille's Equation, is true?
1) Q is proportional to the cubic of the radius.
2) Q is proportional to the length of the tube.
3) Q is inverse to its viscosity coefficient.
4) the velocity of the fluid reaches maximum at the boundary layer of the
tube.
12. What's Reynold number?
1) it can be defined as the ratio of inertial forces to its viscous forces.
2) it is a dimensional quantity (有單位的量)
3) for a typical laminar flow, the Reynold number always greater than 4000.
4) for a typical turbulent flow, Reynold number always smaller than 2300.
13. After a pendulum starts swinging, its amplitude gradually decreases with
time because of friction. What happens to the period of the pendulum
during this time?
1) period increases.
2) period does not change.
3) period decreases.
14. The moment of inertia of the ring is mr^2(m:mass and r:radius) in case of
the ring hoop about central axis. If the ring hoops on a hug(圖略), what
is the moment of inertia?
1) 0.5 mr^2
2) 1 mr^2
3) 1.5 mr^2
4) 2 mr^2
15. A gryoscope can be described by its precessional motion.
1) The normal force produces a torque about the privot, and this torque is
perpendicular to the axle.
2) Angular momentum of top's spin is changed by the torque, results in top
precesses about the z axis.
3) the precessional frequency increases as the frequency of top's spin is
increased.
4) precession is usually slow relative to the spinning motion of the top.
16. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) When the spins of the proton and neutrons comprising these nuclei are
paired, the overall spin of the charged nucleus generates a magnetic
dipole moment.
2) Larmor frequency is related to the nucleus-spin under magnetic field.
3) the gyromagnetic ratio is a constant for a given nucleus.
4) The energy at the Larmor frequency is either absorbed or emitted in a
transition between the two excitation states of the spin systems.
5) The detection and acquisition of RF signals at the characteristic
Larmor frequency constitutes the basic information for NMR
spectroscopy and imaging.
17. If the flow of a fluid , as shown in the figure （圖略）, from laminar to
turbulent, when:
1) Reynold number increases.
2) the fluid goes above some critical speed.
3) the viscosity of the fluid becomes much greater.
4) the viscosity of the fluid becomes much smaller.
18. Water flows through a 1-cm diameter pipe connected to a 1/2-cm diameter
pipe. Compared to the speed of the water in the 1-cm pipe, the speed in
the 1/2-cm pipe is:
1) one quarter
2) one half
3) the same
4) double
5) four times.
19. A blood platelet drifts along with the flow of blood through an artery
that is partially blocked. As the platelet moves from the wide region into
the narrow region, the blood pressure:
1) increases
2) decreases
3) stays the same
4) drops to zero.
20. A layer of water is between a stionary surface and a moving plate as shown
in 2 figures below（圖略）. The plate velocities in each figure are the
same. The water in the 2nd figure is twice as deep as the water layer in
the 1st figure. The water layer is laminar. Which is correct?
1) F1 equals F2
2) F1 equals 4F3
3) F1 equals F2/2
4) F1 equals F2/4
5) F1 equals F2.
21. The travelling wave represented by y(x,t) = A sin(ωt+kx).
1) ωt+kx must be a constant.
2) the wave travels in the +x direction
3) wave moves with a speed of +ω/k
4) y'(x,t) = A sin(ωt+kx+kΔx), the phase difference between y(x,t)
and y'(x,t): is Δφ=2πΔx
22. Interference of two waves happens to be:
1) constuctive interference when two waves are in phase,
2) beats as the waves added with their slightly different frequencies,
3) standing wave when the amplitude of resultant wave at antinodes varies
with position.
4) resonance when nodes occur at both ends, for a string clamped at both
ends.
23. 聲音在介質內傳撥物理性質，何者正確？
1) 聲音在介質內傳播的頻率，會因介質的不同而改變
2) 聲速的大小與介質密度成正比例
3) 聲速傳播速度因溫度增加而增加
4) 在軟組織間(肝臟或肌肉)的超聲波傳遞度比在骨頭快。
24. 超聲波的性質，何者正確?
1) 超聲波於特性殊異的組織鄰接交界會生反射或曲射
2) 當聲波進入阻抗不同的介質時，必須發生反射線線與透射現象
3) 超音波頻率越高，穿透力則較高，但是空間解析度較差
4) 超音波強度會隨著深度衰減，衰減的程度與介質聲阻抗無關
25. 有關生物軟組織的性質，何者正確？
1) 軟組織的力學性質為黏彈性
2) 肌肉的力學特性曲線為非線性關係，不服從胡克定律
3) 應力鬆弛(stress relaxation)為瞬間施加一力到物體，並觀察該物體長度的變化
4) 蠕變(creep)為瞬間將物體拉伸一長度，而觀察其能力的變化
26. 有關生物軟組織的應力鬆弛之物理模式可寫成右式：dε 1 1 dσ
－－－ = －－σ+ －－ －－
dt η E dt
其中σ(應力)=η*ε(應變)。該物理表示涉及之物理觀念，何者正確？
1) 應力鬆弛可由彈簧與阻尼器並聯模式表示
2) 應力鬆弛現象如右圖（圖略）
3) 應力鬆弛可以右式表示：σ(t)=Eε0e^(t/τ)
27. 人體長骨中部為骨髓腔，長骨結構:
1) 僅具有生理作用，對抗扭和抗彎來說，不是最佳幾何結構
2) 空心圓截面之中空處切應力最大
3) 切應力較大處，相應的截面尺寸較大，才能增抗扭能力
4) 成人骨骼的抗拉伸能力低於抗壓縮能力
28. 醫學系的學姊以10m/s的速度在美麗黃昏下的台大校園中慢跑，此時有一位學長一邊
騎著腳踏車一邊按著車鈴（頻率f=600Hz），從學姊身旁以50m/s的速度呼嘯而過。
試問當學長騎車超過學姐時，學姐（持續跑步中）聽到學長腳踏車的車鈴聲頻率為？
已知聲速350m/s。
1) f * (350-10)/(350-50) Hz
2) f * 350/(350+40) Hz
3) f * (350+10)/(350+50) Hz
4) f * (350+10)/(350-50) Hz
二. 填充與簡答題：3pts/題
1. Each levers of human body are shown in the right figures.
(a) indicate the class of lever for each status, by filling class I or II
or III in each blank.
(b) Filling in the mechanical advantage (M.A.) (>1,=1,<1) in each blank.
（頭圖略） （腳圖略） （手圖略）
Class ( ) Class ( ) Class ( )
M.A. ( ) M.A. ( ) M.A. ( )
2. Write down the volume flux along the tube in terms of η(viscosity), r(tube)
, L (tube length), ΔP(pressure difference), and explain the significances
of the Poiseuille's Equation. What happens if the radius reduced the size by
half?
3. A Newtonian fluid with a dynamix or absolute viscosity of 0.98Ns/m^2 and a
specifuc gravity of 0.91 flows through a 25mm diameter pipe with a velocity
of 2.6m/s, Please calculate Reynold Number, and what kinds of flow type the
fluid is.
4. We can use the equation of constant acceleration to analyse the vertical
jumping ability of animals. Could human vertically jump as hugh as its body
length? _____(Yes/No). What is the take off acceleration in terms of d, h,
and g? (Given that v^2=v0^2+2aΔx)
5. （venturi meter 圖略）
1) A venturi meter can be used to measure fluid flowby measuring pressure
differences. Using the Bernoulli Equation to derive the volume flow in
terms of v, A, ρ.
2) Write down and explain briefly, the 3 different cases that can be
applied by the application of the Bernoulli equation.
6. （搬東西圖略）
1) Which is the correct way to lift a weight? _____ (a or b)
2) Explain __________
7. （脊椎圖略）
Draw the force diagram for the spine of a man bending over to lift a weight.
8. Try to estimate the force exerted on your eardrum if swimming at the bottom
of a pool with a 10m depth. We approximate the area of a human eardrum with
a reasonable 1cm^2.
9. What does the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect, which the blood viscosity drops
significantly as the vessel diameter is less than 1mm mean?
10. 1) What is the differences between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid?
2) And try to plot the characteristic curve in terms of τ(sharing stress),
dγ/dt(rate of shearing strain).
3) Why the blood flow is a non Newtonian fluid at the low shear rate?
Explain it qualitatively.
4) What is the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect?
11. Try to estimate the force exerted on your eardrum if swimming at the bottom
of a pool with a 10m depth. We approximate the area of a human eardrum with
a reasonable 1cm^2.
12. Write the expression for:
a) Moment of inertia (I) in terms of density: __________
b) Parallel-Axis Theorem: ____________
13. Find out the direction and the magnitude of the precessional frequency Ωp
of the gyroscopy in terms of the I(inertia moment), M(the mass of the gyro)
, and ω(the rotation frequency of the gyro).
14. Poiseuille's equation describes the rate of flow of fluid in a round tube
depends on: _________________
15. A student holds the axle of the spinning wheel, which is spinning in a
horizontal plane with an angular momentum Li upward, while seated on a
stool which is free to rotate, and the student and the stool are all
initially at rest. What happens and what the direction and magnitude of the
net angular momentum L of the stool and the student is, if the students
inverts the wheel upside-down, in terms of Li.
16. A person with constricted arteries will find that they may experience a
temporary lack of blood to the brain, called a Transient ischemic attack
(TIA). Explain in terms of dynamic fluid mechanics.
17. Describe the transmission and reflection of wave propagation along rope
linked with two different densities, by drawing figures.
18. 1) What is the magnetic spin moment and the gyromagnetic ratio for the
proton, in terms of L(angular momentum), e(electric current), and mp
(mass of the proton)?
2) Write down the frequency ω of the nucleus magnetic resonance, if the
gyromagnetic ratio, the external magnetic field is γ, B respectively.
3) Write down the population ratio, the so called Saha equation, between
the two states of a spin one-half system.
4) Why do we choose the hydrogen atoms as the main MRI sources, in a human
body?
19. 1) 請解釋為何汽車的安全氣囊能保護你的安全？_____衝量的觀念
2) 「安全氣囊是要你去撞它的，而不是讓它在充氣階段先撞到你！」
以上敘述，有何根據原因？
20. 1) MRI用於臨床診斷，最主要的物理基礎參數是:_____、_____、_____等，這些參數
在人體不同組織之間、正常組織與該病變組織之間的差異。
2) 弛豫時間T1在病變組織(Malignant Tissues)通常比正常組織(normal tissues):
_______(較長／較短)
21. 超音波使用上有分為 A mode、B mode 與 M mode。A mode 以_____之高低來表示反
射波的強弱，B mode 以_____之高低來表示反射波的強弱，M modeｍ於臨床上主要
應用有：_________。
22. 提高彎曲強度的措施有：__________、__________、__________。
23. 上圖（圖略）訊號表示方法稱作：_________、下圖訊號表示方法稱作：_______，
由上圖轉換至下圖表示方法稱作：_________。
三. 計算問答題：10pts/題
（答題原則：詳細敘述相關物理原理，不可僅列出簡單物理式子或簡單條列續述。
系統化及組織化回答問題內容，可以外延討論相問題與應用。）
1. a) Using a mathematical approach to describe the Simple Harmonic Motion of a
spring-mass system.
b) Describe the physics behavior of Forced Oscillations.
2. a) Define the viscosity of fluids.
b) Descibe the relation between shearing stress and rate of shearing strain
for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian properties of blood.
3. 底下問題，請敘述你／妳的觀點，以10分製表示其程度（如非常重要：10）
a) 物理與醫學的相關性，並舉例說明。
b) 物理對將來你在醫學的學習是否有助益？
c) 對本課程教學方法與內容的建議。
d) 你／妳對本課程的學習方法與投入時間。對本考試時間準備所投入時間約多少？
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