1. (28%) Please define the following terms and explain the content, purpose,
and application of each term and give an illustrative example if possible. If
possible, define the term in mathematical equation. If it’s an acronym,
write the full name in detail. For example:
CD-ROM: Compact Disk – Read-Only Memory: The most common type of optical
storage medium. In CD-ROM, data are written in a series of lands and pits on
the surface of a compact disk (CD), which can be read by a laser in a CD-ROM
drive. A standard CD stores approximately 700 MB, but data on a CD cannot be
altered.
(1) microcomputer (2) workstation (3) handheld personal computer (4) smart
phone (5) network server (6) FTP (7) instant messaging (8) newsgroup (9) bit
(10) MIDI (11) serial port (12) parallel port (13) plug and play (14) USB
1. microcomputer
Microcomputer contain tens/hundreds of millions transistors.
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central
processing unit.
Another general characteristic of these computers is that they occupy
physically small amounts of space when compared to mainframe and
minicomputers.
Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen for input
and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).
2. workstation
Specialized computers
Optimized for science or graphics
More powerful than a desktop
3. handheld personal computer
Very small computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Note taking or contact management
Data can synchronize with a desktop
4. smart phone
Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
Web surfing,
e-mail access
5. network server
Centralized computer
All other computers connect
6. FTP
Sends and receives files
Copies files from a remote computer
FTP client is needed
Some sites require a password
7. instant messaging
Private, real-time communication
Message sent only to listed users
Buddy lists contain IM names
8. newsgroup
News
Often called newsgroups
Electronic discussions on several topics
9. bit
Binary numbers are made of bits
Bit represents a switch
A byte is 8 bits
Byte represents one character
10. MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
Connects musical instruments to computer
Digital recording or playback of music
Musicians can produce professional results
11. serial port
Serial ports move one bit
Lower data flow than parallel
Requires control wires
UART converts from serial to parallel
12. parallel port
Connect to printers or modems
Parallel ports move bits simultaneously
Made of 8 – 32 wires
Internal busses are parallel
13. plug and play
New hardware detected automatically
Prompts to install drivers
Non-technical users can install devices
14. USB
Universal Serial Bus
Most popular external bus
Supports up to 127 devices
Hot swappable
2. (8%) What are the four parts of a complete computer system?
Hardware, software, data and user
3. (4%) What are the two types of memory devices?
Random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM)
4. (4%) What are the two ways of searching the web?
using a directory
using a search engine
5. (8%) List four of the Internet’s major services.
The World Wide Web (WWW)
Electronic mail (e-mail)
News
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Chat
Instant messaging
Peer-to-peer services
6. (4%) What are the two most commonly used input devices?
Keyboard
Mouse
7. (6%) Please explain the differences between mechanical mouse and optical
mouse.
Mechanical mouse
Rubber ball determines direction and speed
The ball often requires cleaning
Optical mouse
Light shown onto mouse pad
Reflection determines speed and direction
Requires little maintenance
8. (4%) Explain how a bar code reader reads a bar code and what it does with
the information from a bar code.
It translates the bar codes into numbers and inputs the numbers into a
computer system.
9. (6%) List at least three audio sources you can use to record music on your
computer.
microphone
compact disc
tape player
radio
record player
10. (2%) What is the device between CPU and the monitor?
video card
11. (8%) What are the four most important specifications when comparing
computer monitors.
size of monitor
resolution
refresh rate
dot pitch
12. (6%) How does a laser printer create an image on paper? Please draw the
paper path and explain the steps.
Print process
Laser draws text on page
Toner sticks to text
Toner melted to page
13. (4%) Please list at least two factors to consider when evaluating
printers.
Determine what you need
Determine what you can spend
Initial cost
Cost of operating
Image quality
Speed
14. (8%) What are the "number systems" used by humans and by computer? Write
down all the distinct digits of each number system.
Number systems
A manner of counting
Several different number systems exist
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