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課程名稱︰經濟學原理二
課程性質︰
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰97.4.25
考試時限（分鐘）：3小時
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、選擇題(30 pionts)
1.Two firms, A and B, each currently dump 50tons of chemicals into the local
river. The government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on
will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the
river. The government will sell $40 pollution permits for $75 each. It
costs Firm A $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it
reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each ton of pollution that it
eliminates before it reaches the river. It is likely that between the cost
of permits and the cost of additional pollution adatement,
a.Firm B will spend $3,500 b.Firm A will spend $4,000
c.Firm A will spend $4,500 d.Fimr B will spend $3,000
2.Suppose that due to flooding in Louisiana, 100,000 farmers relocate from
Louisiana to Texas. Assuming that land and labor are complements in a
farming production function, what would happen to the wages earned by worker
and the rents earned by landowners in Texas?
a.Both wages and rent would increase.
b.Both wages and rent would decrease.
c.Wages would increase, and rents would decrease.
d.Wages would decrease, and rents would increase.
3.Consider the labor market for computer programmers, which is in equilibrium.
During the late 1990s, the value of the marginal product of all computer
programmers increased dramatically. Holding all else equal, what effect did
this process have on the labor market for computer programmers?
a.The equilibrium wage increase, and the equilibrium quantity of labor
increased.
b.The equilibrium wage increase, and the equilibrium quantity of labor
decreased.
c.The equilibrium wage decrease, and the equilibrium quantity of labor
increased.
d.The equilibrium wage decrease, and the equilibrium quantity of labor
decreased.
4.Which of the follow formulas is most representative of negative income tax
proposal?
a. Taxes Owed = (1/4 of Income) x $2
b. Taxes Owed = (1/2 of Income) x $3/4
c. Taxes Owed = (1/2 of Income) + $15,000
d. Taxes Owed = (1/4 of Income) - $15,000
5.Bill earns more than Donna. A benevolent legislator has proposed taxing
Bill in order to supplement Donna's income. A libertarian would view this
proposal as
a.a way to increase social justice.
b.a way to enhance Donna's income in socially responsible way.
c.validation of the superiority of a libertarian maximin criterion over
Rawlsian social justice.
d.an inappropriate role for government, since gobernment cannot morally
redistribute income that is not its own.
Table 1
The citizens of Paradoxopolis will decide whether to build a new school, build
a new park, or build a new road. Exactly one of the three choices will
prevail, and the choice will be made by way of pairwise voting, with the
majority determining the outcome on each vote. The preferences of the voters
are summarized in the table below.
Voter Type
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Percent of Electorate 25 35 40
First choice School Park Road
Second choice Park Road School
Third choice Road School Park
6.Refer to Table 1. If (1) the first vote pits "school" against "park," and (2)
the second vote pits "road" against the winner of the first vote, then the
outcome is as follows:
a."School" wins the first vote and "school" wins the second vote, so they
build a school.
b."school" wins the first vote and "road" wins the second vote, so they build
a road.
c."Park" wins the first vote and "park" wins the second vote, so they build a
park.
d."Park" wins the first vote and "road" wins the second vote, so they build a
road.
7.If nominal GDP is $10 trillion and real GDP is $8 trillion, the GDP deflator
is
a.80, and this indicates that the price level has decrease by 20 percent
since the base year.
b.80, and this indicates that the price level has increase by 80 percent
since the base year.
c.125, and this indicates that the price level has increase by 25 percent
since the base year.
d.125, and this indicates that the price level has decrease by 125 percent
since the base year.
8.In the country of Hyrkania, the CPI in 2000 was 120 and the CPI in 2001 was
132. Jake, a resident of Hyrkania, borrowed money in 2000 and repaid the
loan in 2001. If the nominal interest rate on the loan was 12 percent, then
the real interest rate was
a. 12% b.10% c.2%
d.impossible to determine without knowing the base year for the CPI.
9.Jack is a full-time unpaid homemaker not currently searching for other work.
Jill is a full-time who is not looking for a job. Who does the BLS count in
the labor force?
a.only Jack b.only Jill
c.both Jack and Jill d.neither Jack nor Jill
10.Suppose that Company A's railroad cars pass through Farmer B's corn fields.
The railroad causes an externality to the farmer because the railroad cars
emit sparks that cause $1,500 in damage to the farmer's crops. There is a
special soy-based grease that the railroad could purchase that would
eliminate the damaging sparks. The grease cost $1,200. Suppose that the
railroad is not liable for any damage caused to the crops. Assume that
there are no transaction cost. Which of the following characterizes the
efficient outcome?
a.The railroad will continue to operate but will pay the farmer $1,500 in
damages.
b.The railroad will purchase the grease for $1,200 and pay the farmer
nothing because no crop damage will occur.
c.The farmer will incur $1,500 in damages to his crops.
d.The farmer will pay the railroad $1,200 to purchase the grease so that no
crop damage will occur.
二、計算與問答題(70 points)
1.(10 points) What is the "Arrow's Impossibility Theorem"?
2.(10 points) The table below uses data for the year 2003 provided by the BLS
and adjusted to be comparable to U.S. data. All values are in thousands.
Fill in the (a)-(i) entries in the table. Show your work!
Country Adult Labor Employed Unemployed Unemployment Labor-Force
Population Force Rate Participation
Rate
Japan 109,474 (b) 62,510 3,500 (f) (h)
France (a) 26,870 (c) 2,577 (g) 57.41
Germany 70,159 39,591 (d) (e) 9.69 (i)
3.(10 points) 甲公司自日本進口20台nikon高級數位相機，每台進價30,000元，擬以
40,000元之單價出售。在售出4台之後，nikon公司推出新機型，功能較原機型佳，售價
反而更便宜。甲公司眼看茅頭不對，只好將其餘16台低價出清，每台售價25,000元。甲
公司的網路廣告費1,000元，水電雜支費用2,000元，因為是網路購物的小公司，公司僅
雇用一名工讀生，薪水4,000元。
a.從支出面計算，此項生產活動創造多少GDP?
b.從生產面(附加價值法)計算，甲公司創造多少GDP?
c.請由要素所得法分別計算工資與利潤。
4.(10 points) Suppose a freeze detroys part of the Florida orange crop.
a.Explain what happens to the price of oranges and the marginal product of
orange pickers as a result of the freeze. Can you say what happens to
the demand for orange pickers? Why or why not?
b.Suppose the price of oranges doubles and the marginal product fall by 30
percent. What happens to the equilibrium wage of orange pickers?
c.Suppose the price of oranges rises by 30percent and the marginal product
falls by 50 percent. What happens to the equilibrium wage of orange
pickers?
5.(10 points) 勞動市場
勞動者可分為兩種類型：高生產力(high type)與低生產力(low type)。高生產力者的
勞動邊際產值(VMPL)為15萬元，受教育一年的成本為2萬元；低生產力者勞動邊際產值
為6萬元，受教育一年的成本為6萬元。如果你是雇主，想要以教育年限區分兩種類型的
員工，並以教育年限作為給薪的標準。請問你會訂定的教育年限為幾年?(請注意：年限
訂的太高與太低都將沒有效果，最適教育年限代表高生產力勞工會受教育、低生產力勞
工將不會受教育)。
6.(10 points)外部性
某航空公司於機場起降的噪音會影響附近居民的安寧與健康。航空公司起降的總成本函
數為TC = 8+20Q (Q為起降次數)，市場需求函數為Q = 45-P。飛機起降所產生的噪音對
居民所造成的外部成本為0.25Q。
a.若航空公司不考慮外部成本，則利潤極大化下的均衡數量與價格為何?
b.社會最適的均衡數量與價格為何?
7.(10 points) 公共財
假設社會中僅有A及B，二人對公園的需求函數皆別為Pa = 15-2Q，Pb = 9-3Q，而設立
公園的總成本為TC = 7 + 8Q + 3/2 Q^2，則最適的公園數量為何?
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