[試題] 96下 林明仁 個體經濟學 期末考

[daniel90260 (~逸風~)]

課程名稱︰個體經濟學
課程性質︰系定必修
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰960612
考試時限（分鐘）：
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）

試題 :

一、選擇題（每題兩分共十分）

※ Edgeworth box 請見
   http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=daniel90260&b=9&f=1155146831&p=2

1.Refer to the Edgeworth box diagram in the following figure. From the location
  of the contract curve it can be inferred that
  (a) food is relatively more capital intensive than clothing.
  (b) clothing is relatively more capital intensive than food.
  (c) food and clothing use the same mix of inputs.
  (d) the factor proportions cannot be determined.

2.Refer to the Edgeworth box diagram in the following figure, a movement from
  point A to point B
  (a) means more food production and less clothing production.
  (b) means more clothing production and less food production.
  (c) means more food and clothing production.
  (d) means less food and clothing production.

3.Refer to the Edgeworth box diagram in the following figure, a movement from
  point B to point C
  (a) means more food production and less clothing production.
  (b) means more clothing production and less food production.
  (c) means more food and clothing production.
  (d) means less food and clothing production.

4.Suppose an insurance company offers homeowners fire insurance and charge a
  premium based on an average risk of 2 percent. What will likely happen?
  (a) Homeowners who have less than a 2 percent risk of fire will take out fire
      insurance.
  (b) Homeowners who have more than a 2 percent risk of fire will take out fire
      insurance.
  (c) Both high-risk and low-risk homeowners will take out insurance.
  (d) Neither high-risk nor low-risk homeowners will take out insurance.

5.Which of the following is not an example of a moral hazard?
  (a) A college professor who receives tenure is less conmmitted to teaching
      than he was before he received tenure.
  (b) A person drives an SUV more carelessly in winter weather.
  (c) Peple who engage in high-risk activities, such as skydivig, take out
      life insurance.
  (d) All of the above are examples of moral hazard.
  (e) Only (a) and (b) are examples.


二、計算問答題（共九十分）

2.請簡述何謂 Arrow 不可能定理？  (5%)

3.假設Ａ與Ｂ的策略報酬矩陣（Payoff Matrix）如下

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｂ
　　　 　策略　　　　　Ｌ　　　　　　　Ｈ

　        Ｕ         (60,100)        (80, 60)
　　Ａ
　　　　　Ｄ         (80, 40)        (40, 60)

  請求解此賽局之最佳反應函數（Best Response Function）與 Mixed-Strategy Nash
  Equilibrium。  (10%)

4.兩家廠商計畫推出新產品，每一方都在考慮是否要生產產品Ａ、產品Ｂ或產品Ｃ。雙方
  將同時作決定的報酬矩陣（Payoff Matrix）如下：

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　廠商２
　　　　　　　　 　　　Ａ　 　　Ｂ　 　　Ｃ
　　　廠　　Ａ　　　(10,10)   (0,20)   (5,15)
　　　商　　Ｂ      (20,15)   (5,5)    (10,10)
　　　１　　Ｃ      (15,5)    (25,15)  (10,0)

  (a) 請以 iterated elimination of dominated strategy 求出 Cournot 競爭下的
      Nash 均衡。  (10%)
  (b) 若廠商１先出招，請畫出延展式賽局（Extensive Form），並求解 Stackelberg 下
      的子賽局均衡（ Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium）。  (10%)

5.繪圖說明並解釋當存在 Common Resource 時，市場會存在效率損失。  (5%)

6.何謂 Coase 定理？  (5%)  建民和錦輝是宿舍的室友。讀「經濟學原理」對建民的效用
  是100元，而唱「背叛」對錦輝的效用是150元，但會妨礙建民讀書。請問如果你是教官，
  你要如何解決這個問題？  (10%)

7.洋基汽車有10輛中古車要出售，這10輛車的價值為一萬到十萬的均勻分配(１、２、...
  、10萬各一台)。請求出買方預期的汽車價值為何？請問，當賣方的願賣價格為多少時，
  可達到競爭市場之結果？  (5%)

8.繪圖說明並解釋為何當產業存在外部成本時（Negative Externality），獨占廠商之社
  會福利未必較完全競爭市場下低。  (10%)

9.假設深山裡住著大扁跟小九兩戶人家，大扁以種扁豆(x)為生，每年產出10單位，而小九
  則專門種九層塔(y)，每年生產10單位，如果兩家人的效用函數分別為：
　　　　             1/3 　2/3                 2/3   1/3
　　　　  大扁：Ｕ =x   ．y         小九：Ｕ =x   ．y
　　　　         扁                        九

  (1) 請繪出兩人的契約線（Contract Curve）  (5%)
  (2) 請解釋 (Px/Py)=2是否為市場均衡價格。  (5%)
  (3) 請計算一般均衡之條件。               (10%)


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