[試題] 97上 林明仁 經濟學原理一 期中考

[fanyichen (繁)]

課程名稱︰經濟學原理一
課程性質︰
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：
開課系所︰
考試日期（年月日）︰97.11.21
考試時限（分鐘）：180分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）

試題 :

一、 選擇題（每題皆須附上說明，否則不予計分）(15 pionts)

  1.If the price elasticity of demand for tuna is 0.7, then a 1.5% increase
    in the price of tuna will decrease the quantity demanded of tuna by

     a. 1.05% and tuna sellers’ total revenue will increase as a result.
     b. 1.05% and tuna sellers’ total revenue will decrease as a result.
     c. 2.14% and tuna sellers’ total revenue will increase as a result.
     d. 2.14% and tuna sellers’ total revenue will decrease as a result.

  2.Aladdin Country has decided to end its policy of not trading with the
    rest of the world. When it ends its trade restrictions, it discovers
    that it is importing bicycles, exporting steel, and neither importing
    nor exporting rugs. Which groups in Aladdin are better off as a result
    of the new free-trade policy?

     a. Producers of bicycles and consumers of steel.
     b. Consumers of all three goods.
     c. Consumers of bicycles and producers of rugs.
     d. Producers of steel and consumers of bicycles.

  3.Assume the price of gasoline is $2.00 per gallon and the equilibrium
    quantity of gasoline is 10 million gallons per day with no tax on
    gasoline. Starting from this initial situation, which of the following
    scenarios would result in the largest deadweight loss?

     a. The price elasticity of demand for gasoline is 0.1;
        the price elasticity of supply for gasoline is 0.6;
        and the gasoline tax amounts to $0.20 per gallon.
     b. The price elasticity of demand for gasoline is 0.1;
        the price elasticity of supply for gasoline is 0.4;
        and the gasoline tax amounts to $0.20 per gallon.
     c. The price elasticity of demand for gasoline is 0.2;
        the price elasticity of supply for gasoline is 0.6;
        and the gasoline tax amounts to $0.30 per gallon.
     d. There is insufficient information to make this determination.

  4.A tax on bicycles that buyers of bicycles are required to pay shifts

     a. the demand curve downward, causing both the price received by
        sellers and the equilibrium quantity to fall.
     b. the demand curve upward, causing both the price received by
        sellers and the equilibrium quantity to rise.
     c. the supply curve downward, causing the price received by sellers
        to fall and the equilibrium quantity to rise.
     d. the supply curve upward, causing the price received by sellers
        to rise and the equilibrium quantity to fall.

  5.John has decided to start his own lawn-mowing business.
    To purchase the mowers and the trailer to transport the mowers,
    John withdrew $1,000 from his savings account, which was earning 3%
    interest, and borrowed an additional $2,000 from the bank at an interest
    rate of 7%. What is John’s annual opportunity cost of the financial
    capital that has been invested in the business?

     a. $30.00
     b. $140.00
     c. $170.00
     d. $3140.00


二、 簡答題（Short Questions）（35 points）
　　 請用經濟學評論以下的觀點。（請勿長篇大論）

  1.林老師在大學裡教經濟學，但他卻聘請了一位台大經濟系的學生擔任兒子的經濟學
    家教，由此推知林老師根本不愛他的小孩。

  2.中國大陸的黑心食品時有所聞，而台灣的食品較符合安全標準，這全都是因為大陸
    人沒有良心的道德所致。

  3.大學聯考放榜後，上榜的名字中「怡君」明顯比「志玲」多，這表示取名為「怡君」
    的比較會考試。

  4.日本的生產技術各方面都優於台灣，但是日本仍然從台灣進口許多電子產品，這就
    是剝削台灣勞動力的證明。

  5.沒受到毒奶事件波及的奶類食品近來紛紛漲價，這都是不肖業者趁機哄抬物價的結
    果。

  6.有句諺語是「瑞雪兆豐年」，意思是說若去年冬天降雪量很大的話，今年的雨水量
    就會足夠灌溉農田，所以今年會是豐收的一年。既然農產品大豐收，對靠天吃飯的
    農民來說無疑是收入豐厚的一年。

  7.近來新聞媒體發佈一則醫學報告顯示豬肝對人體的造血功能有益，請問此則新聞對
    於豬肉與雞肉的市場均衡價格與數量有何影響？


三、 計算題（Calculations）（50points）

  1.(16 points) American and Mexican workers can produce 10 T-shirts and
    8 T-shirts per day, respectively. An American worker can produce 18 dozen
    brownies per day, whereas a Mexican worker can produce 10 dozen brownies
    per day. Assume that each country has 1 million workers.
　
    a.Graph the production possibilities frontiers of the American and
      Mexican economies.
　
    b.What is the opportunity cost of a T-shirt in the U.S and in Mexico?
　
    c.Which country has a comparative advantage in producing T-shirts?
      In producing brownies?
　
    d.Without trade, half of each country’s workers produce T-shirts and
      half produce brownies. Please compare the world total production of
      two goods with and without trade.

   2.(4 points) 高雄捷運通車後，市政府對交通狀況做了研究：乘客對捷運的需求彈性
     是0.8，公車價格對捷運的交叉彈性是0.5。市政府可同時經營捷運與公車，現在擬
     將捷運票價上漲25%，若要維持捷運乘坐量不變，政府應該如何調整公車票價？

   3.(10 points) Teacher’s Helper is a small company that has a subcontract
     to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public
     school districts. The owner rents several small rooms in an office
     building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer
     equipment that costs $480 a month. Please complete the following table.

     FC = Fixed Costs　　　VC = Variable Costs　　　TC = Total Costs
     AFC = Average Fixed Costs　　　AVC = Average Variable Costs
     ATC = Average Total Costs　　　MC = Marginal Costs

Output(instructional
　Modules per Month)　　 FC　　　VC　　　TC　　　AFC　　  AVC　 　ATC　　MC
        0                1080     -       -        -       -       -      -
        1     　　　　　 1080 　 400  　 1480     1080                   400
        2     　　　　　 1080                     540             965    450
        3     　　　　　 1080    1350    2430     360
        4     　　　　   1080                     270     475
        5    　　　　 　 1080                     216
        6     　　    　 1080            4280     180                    700

   4.(20 points) 筆記型電腦製造商所面對的消費者可分為A、B兩類：
     A類消費者共有300位，每一位A類消費者的個人反需求函數為 P = 450 - 0.5q
     B類消費者共有700位，每一位B類消費者的個人反需求函數為 P = 600 - q
     其中 P為價格，q為個人消費數量。市場供給函數為 Q = 500P - 30000

     a.(2 points)　請找出筆記型電腦的市場需求函數，並繪圖表示。

     b.(2 points)　請求出市場的均衡價格與均衡數量。

     c.(3 points)　消費者向政府反映電腦價格太貴，因此政府訂出價格上限為低於市
                   場均衡價格50元，請問此時市場交易數量為何？

     d.(3 points)　承 c 小題，若政府在價格上限的政策實施後，欲消彌市場短缺的
                   現象，則政府需補貼廠商一台電腦多少元，才能達到此目標？

     e.(3 points)　承 d 小題，政府補貼廠商生產所造成的無謂損失
                   (Deadweight Loss)有多大？

     f.(3 points)　若國際市場的電腦價格為500元，則電腦廠商會進口還是
                   出口筆記型電腦？此進口或出口量為多少？

     g.(4 points)　承 f 小題，政府為鼓勵電腦廠商出口，對於出口的電腦每台
                   補貼25元，政府的補貼支出有多大？補貼造成的無謂損失有多大？

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