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課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質︰必修兼A5通識
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰2010/1/15
考試時限（分鐘）：180
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、選擇題(每題皆須附上說明，否則不予計分) (40 points)
1.In a competitive market, a production function can be characterized by the
following equation: Q=50+20L, where Q is output per hour and L is labor per
hour. If workers earn $15 per hour , what is the marginal cost of the 10th
unit of output?
a.$1.33 b.$0.75 c.$300 d.$20
2.For Firm A, when four units of output are produced, the total cost is $175
and the average variable cost $33.75. What would the average fixed cost be if
ten units were produced?
a.$4 b.$10 c.$40 d.$135
3.A competitive market is in long-run equilibrium. If demand decreases, we can
be cetain that price will
a.fall in the short run. All firms will shut down and some of them will exit
the industry. Price will then rise to reach the new long-run equilibrium.
b.fall in the short run. No firms will shut down, but some of them will exit
the industry. Price will then rise to reach the new long-run equilibrium.
c.fall in the short run. All, some, or no firms will shut down, and then
some of them will exit the industry. Price will then rise to reach the new
long-run equilibrium.
d.not fall in the short run because firms will exit to maintain the price.
4.Avatar Company uses two factors K and L to produce their product, the firm's
present production information is as following:marginal product of K=5,
price of K=$10;marginal product of K=3 and price of L=$6. Assume the firm
is at its profit-maximized output level and market structure is competitive
market, then the marginal revenue (MR) faced by Avatar is
a.$2 b.$0.5 c.$4 d.$0
5.The supply curve for the monopolist
a.is the marginal cost curve above average total cost.
b.is the marginal cost curve above average variable cost.
c.is the positively sloped portion of the marginal revenue curve.
d.does not exist.
6.Winnie and Nemo are competitors in a local market and each is trying to
decide if it is worthwhile to advertise. If both of them advertise, each
will earn a profit of $5000. If neither of them advertise, each will earn
a profit of $10000. If one advertises and the other doesn't, then the one
who advertises will earn a profit of $12000 and the other will earn $2000.
In this version of the prisoner's dilemma, if the game is played only once,
Winnie should
a.advertise, but if the game is to be repeated many times she should
probably not advertise.
b.advertise, and if the game is to be repeated many times she should still
probably advertise.
c.not advertise, but if the game is to be repeated many times she should
probably advertise.
d.not advertise, and if the game is to be repeated many times she should
still not advertise.
7.A monopolistically competitive firm faces the following demand curve for its
product:
Price($) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Quantity 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
The firm has total fixed costs of $40 and a constant marginal cost of $2 per
unit. We can conclude that
a.firms will exit this market. b.firms will enter this market.
c.this market is in long-run equilibrium.
d.this firm is operating at efficient scale.
8.Suppose for some firm that average total cost is minimized at Q1 units of
output. For a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium, Q1
a.is also the level of output at which marginal cost equals average total
cost.
b.exceeds the level of output at which there is a point or tangency between
the demand curve and the average total cost curve.
c.exceeds the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost
d.All of the above are correct.
9.Nemedia and Aquilonia have just started to trade with each other.Nemedia
exports goods produced with skilled labor and imports goods made with
unskilled labor from Aquilonia. Over time, we would expect that the wages of
skilled labor in Nemedia will
a.rise, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will fall.
b.fall, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will rise.
c.rise, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will rise.
d.fall, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will fall.
10.Both Jake and Rose are police officers. Jake is a patrolman, and Rose is a
detective. Jake's job is inherently more dangerous tha Rose's. Rose has
passed a difficult exam in order to be promoted to detective. Rose earns
more than Jake. This is likely because
a.of a compensating differential. b.of handsome face.
c.of sexual discrimination. d.Rose has more human capital.
二、簡答與計算題(Calculations)(60 points)
1.(5 points)請說明何謂「善良撒瑪利亞人的矛盾」以及從經濟學的觀點如何解決這個
矛盾。
2.(5 points)請證明廠商的邊際曲線(MC)會通過平均成本(ATC)的最低點。
3.(15 points)
假設Facebook上有100家提供農場遊戲的供應商，每家廠商生產遊戲的成本函數均為
TC=40.8+5q+0.1q^2，市場上對遊戲的總需求為Q=7500-500P
a.(6 points)若為完全競爭市場，且這100家廠商生產的遊戲都相同，請問市場價格
以及各廠商的產量為何
b.(4 points)請問a小題是否處於長期平衡?廠商有利潤還是虧損?
c.(5 points)若這100家廠商生產的農場遊戲品質不完全相等，有些是開心農場，有些
是黑心農場，每家廠商所面對的需求函數為Q=A-500P，請求出A的值。
4.(15 points)
假設蟹堡王與漢堡王是校園中僅有的兩家速食店，生產同品質的商品，市場需求曲線為:
P=100-(q1+q2)，P為價格，而q1與q2分別是蟹堡王與漢堡王的產量。兩家廠商的邊際
成本與平均成本均為10。
a.(4 points)若兩家聯合形成Cartel，請找出Cartel之下的市場價格與個別產量。
b.(2 points)請問a小題的結果是否可成為有效的協議?請說明理由。
c.(2 points)若蟹堡王與漢堡王各自為政，請分別寫出兩家廠商的利潤函數。
d.(2 points)(承b小題)請找出蟹堡王與漢堡王利潤極大化的一階條件(First order
condition)
e.(5 points)c小題求出的一階條件在經濟學上稱為寡佔廠商的反應函數，代表依據對
手的策略而調整自己的策略。根據兩廠商的反應函數可求得兩家速食店最適當的產量
。請找出兩家速食店的產量(q1與q2)、市場價格以及個別店家的利潤。
5.(10 points)
Suppose there are two computer operation system producer in the market:
Macrosoft & Abble. Both of them can produce two type operation systems:
W and M, and their expected profit as following table:
Macrosoft
W M
┌────┬────┐
W │(20,20) │(40,60) │
Abble ├────┼────┤
M │(50,35) │(30,30) │
└────┴────┘
a.(2 points)Please find Nash Equilibrium.
b.(4 points)If Macrosoft moves first and then Abble follows, Abble knows
Macrosoft's decision. Please draw a Game Tree to describe this situation.
What will be the likely outcome?
c.(4 points)What will be the answer if Abble moves first?
6.(10 points)
Apple&Orange Company uses capital(K)and labor(L) to produce magic juice
according to the production function Q=12LK-L^2, and market demand for
juice is given by Q=100-P.
a.(5 points)If K=K'=4 and P=10 in competitive commodity market, please find
firm's labor demand curve(Hint: Wage=VMPL).
b.(5 points)If commodity market becomes monopoly, what's the firm's labor
demand function?
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