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課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質︰必修兼A5通識
課程教師︰林明仁
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰2010.11.12
考試時限（分鐘）：180
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
經濟學原理1期中考 2010/11/12
總分:105分 授課教師 林明仁
一、選擇題(每題皆須附上說明，否則不予計分)(40 points)
1.A baget shop sells fresh baked bagels from 5 a.m. until 7 p.m. every day.
The shop does not sell day-old bagels, so all unsold bagels are thrown away
at 7 p.m. each day. The cost of making and selling a dozen bagels is $1.00;
there are no costs associated with throwing bagels away. If the manager has
8 dozen bagels at 6:30 p.m. on a particular day, which of the following
alternatives is most attractive?
a.Lower the price of the remaining bagels, even if the price falls below $1.00
per dozen.
b.Lower the price of the remaining bagels, but under no circumstances should
the price fall below $1.00 per dozen.
c.Throw the bagels away and produce 8 fewer dozen bagels tomorrow.
d.Starting tomorrow, lower the price on all bagels so they will all be sold
earlier.
2.Assume that Takeshi and Haruko can switch between producing corn and
producing pork at a constant rate.
┌──────┬─────────────────┐
│ │ Minutes Needeed to Make 1 │
│ ├─────────┬───────┤
│ │ Bushel of Corn │ Pound of Pork│
├──────┼─────────┼───────┤
│ Takeshi │ 20 │ 12 │
├──────┼─────────┼───────┤
│ Haruko │ 15 │ 10 │
└──────┴─────────┴───────┘
At which of the following prices would both Takeshi and Haruko gain from
trade with each other?
a.6 bushels of corn for 10.5 pounds of pork
b.12 bushels of corn for 19 pounds of pork
c.24 bushels of corn for 34 pounds of pork
d.Takeshi and Haruko could not both gain from trade with each other at any
price.
3.Which of the following might cause the demand curve for an inferior good to
shift to the left?
a.a decrease in income
b.an increase in the price of a substitute
c.an increase in the price of a complement
d.None of the above is correct
4.Saddle shoes are not popular tight now, so very few are being produced. If
saddle shoes become popular, then how will this affect the market for saddle
shoes?
a.The supply curve for saddle shoes will shift right, which will create a
shortage at the current price. That will increase price, which will decrease
quantity demanded and increase quantity supplied. The new market equilibrium
will be at a higher price and higher quantity.
b.The supply curve for saddle shoes will shift right, which will create a
surplus at the current price. That will decrease price, which will increase
quantity demanded and decrease quantity supplied. The new market equilibrium
will be at a lower price and higher quantity.
c.The demand curve for saddle shoes will shift right, which will create a
shortage at the current price. That will increase price, which will decrease
quantity demanded and increase quantity spplied. The new market equilibrium
will be at a higher price and higher quantity.
d.The demand curve for saddle shoes will shift right, which will create surplus
at the current price. That will decrease price, which will increase quatity
demanded and decrease quantity supplied. The new market iquilibrium will be
at a lower price and higher quantity.
5.Barb's Bakery earned $200 in total revenue last month when it sold 100 loaves
of bread. This month it earned $300 in total revenue when it sold 60 loaves
of bread. The price elasticity of demand for Barb's bread if
a.0.27 b.0.58 c.1.25 d.1.71
6.Which of the following statements is not valid when supply is perfectly
elastic?
a.The elasticity of supply approaches infinity.
b.The supply curve is horizontal.
c.Very small changes in price lead to large changes in quantity supplied.
d.The time period under consideration is more likely a short period rather
than a long period.
7.Suppose the government has imposed a price ceiling on televisions. Which of
the following events could transform the price ceiling from one that is not
binding into one that is binding?
a.Firms expect the price of televisions to fall in the future.
b.The number of firms selling televisions decreases.
c.Consumers' income decreases, and televisions are a normal good.
d.The number of consumers buying televisions decreases.
8.Raisin bran and milk are complementary goods. A decrease in the price of
raisins will
a.increase consumer surplus in the market for raisin bran and decrease producer
surplus in the market for milk.
b.increase consumer surplus in the market for raisin bran and increase producer
surplus in the market for milk.
c.decrease consumer surplus in the market for raisin bran and increase producer
surplus in the market for milk.
d.decrease consumer surplus in the market for raisin bran and decrease priducer
surplus in the market for milk.
9.The market for widgets, the supply curve is the typical upward-sloping
straight line, and the demand curve is the typical downward--sloping straight
line. The equilibrium quantity in the market for widgets is 200 per month
when there is no tax. Then a tax of $5 per widget is imposed. As a result,
the government is able to raise $750 per month in tax revenue. We can
conclude that the equilibrium quantity of widgets has fallen by
a.25 per month b.50 per month c.75 per month d.100 per month
10.The nation of Andalasia has decided to end its policy of not trading with
the rest of the world. When it ends it trade restrictions, it discovers
that it is importing rice, exporting steel, and neither importing nor
exporting TVs. We can conclude that producer surplus in Andalasia is now
a.higher in the steel market, lower in the rice market, and unchanged in the
TV market.
b.higher in the rice and steel markets, and unchanged in the TV market.
c.lower in the rice and TV markets, and higher in the steel market.
d.lower in the rice and steel markets, and the same in the TV market.
二、簡答題(Short Questions)(25 points)
請用經濟學評論以下的觀點。(請勿長篇大論。)
1.為了平衡貧富差距以及增加稅收，政府應當對奢侈品課「奢侈稅」、並同時降低民生
必需品的稅率。試評論此舉是否能達到以上目標。
2.每年大學指考結束都會看到「今年錄取分數創新低」的報導，請以經濟學的觀點評論
「18分是否能上大學」。
3.台灣出口的產品從荷蘭時期的鹿皮、甘蔗，1980年代的紡織品，到現在電子產品成為
主要出口品，請從經濟學的角度說明台灣出口品的轉變。
以下三題請任選兩題作答:
4.何謂「善良撒瑪利亞人的矛盾」，從經濟學的觀點如何解決這個矛盾?
5.請評論「最低工資」政策是否能夠保護弱勢勞工。
6.請說明如何從經濟學的角度看待「分享的壞處」。
三、計算題(Calculations)(40 points)
1.(10 points) a. b.小題請計算對x的一階微分。
a.(3 points) f(x) = (0.5x^2 + 3x)(2x - 7)
2x^3 - 3x^2y + 1
b.(3 points) f(x,y) = ---------------------
3xy - 5
df(x)g(x)
c.(4 points) 請證明 ----------- = f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x)
dx
2.(30points)小螢與部長分別接下一個苦瓜(X)和南瓜(Y)專賣店的企劃案。根據調查的結
果兩個市場中均有A、B兩個消費者，其對苦瓜與南瓜的需求函數分別為
d d
苦瓜:q = 100 - 0.05PX 南瓜:q = 150 - 0.15PY
XA YA
d d
q = 60 - 0.15PX q = 225 - 0.1PY
XB YB
s s
苦瓜與南瓜的市場供給函數分別為Q = 1/3 PX、Q = 0.5 PY。
X Y
其中P為價格，Q為數量(公斤)。
a.(4 points)請求出苦瓜與南瓜的需求函數。
b.(4 points)(承上題)請求出苦瓜與南瓜市場的均衡價格以及均衡數量。
c.(4 points)(承上題)請求出苦瓜與南瓜市場均衡時的需求彈性。s
d.(4 points)(承a.小題)由於南瓜盛產，南瓜的供給函數變成 Q = 150 + 0.5 PY，
Y
小螢發現苦瓜的市場均衡數量因此減少了25公斤。請問南瓜與苦瓜之間的交叉彈性為何
?兩者具有什麼樣的關係?
e.(3 points)(承d.小題)「穀賤傷農」，正負擔心南瓜盛產造成瓜農的損失，因此政府
訂定價格下限為b.小題的均衡價格定以該價格收購市場上勝於的南瓜，請問政府須支出
多少錢?
f.(3 points)(承d.小題)若此時國際價格正好是b.小題的均衡價格，責政府開放南瓜的
出口可使南瓜的生產者剩餘比d.小題中增加多少?
g.(4 points)(承b.小題)若政府想要增加財政收入，對c.小題中彈性較大的農產品課徵
60元的從量稅，請問政府可增加多少稅收?課稅造成的社會總成本(無謂損失)有多大?
h.(4 points)(承b.小題)若國際市場的苦瓜價格為低於過內市場均衡價90元，則有貿易
商開始進口，政府對於進口的苦瓜每公斤克以30元的從量關稅，則進口數量為何?
對社會造成的損失有多大?
----------------請填寫以下問題，題目卷連同答案卷一併交回--------------------
姓名:____________ 學號:____________________ 性別:______
1.開學至今平均一週念書_____小時，經原____小時。
期中考前一週念書_____小時，經原____小時。
2.預估這張考卷得分:____;大約在班上前____%。
3.若本次期中考進行一項競賽，考完試後從全班同學中隨機抽出三位同學與你成為一組，
若你的分數是四人之中最高分，則你的期中考成績加25%，但若你的分數是四人之中最
低分，則你的期中考成績必須減少25%，若不願意，擇期中考分數即為實得分數，請問
你是否願意參加此競賽? ____願意 ____不願意。
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