課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上
課程性質︰必修兼通識A5
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社科院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰2011.1.10
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：yes
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
經濟學原理與實習上期末考
2011.1.10.
請記得寫上學號、系級、姓名。
一、選擇題(45%):不須說明，寫出正確答案即可。
1.A lighthouse might be considered a private good if
(a)there is a second lighthouse nearby, thus preventing a monopoly.
(b)the owner of the lighthouse is able to exclude beneficiaries from receiving
the benefits of the lighthouse.
(c)ships are able to enjoy the benefits of the lighthouse without paying the
benefit.
(d)a nearby port authority is able to avoid paying any fees to the lightgouse
owner.
2.Suppose that in 2015 the average citizen's federal tax bill is $10,277, and
total federal spending is $9,973 perperson. In 2015, the federal governmnent
will have
(a)a budget surplus.
(b)a budget deficit.
(c)horizontal equity.
(d)vertical equity.
3.Because the marginal tax rate rises as income rises,
(a)higher income families, in general, pay a larger percentage of their income
in taxes.
(b)lower income families, in general, pay a larger percentage of their income
in taxes.
(c)a disproportionately large share of the tax burden falls upon the poor.
(d)higher income families pay the same percentage of their income in taxes as
lower-income families.
4.Profit-maximizing firms enter a competitive market when existing firms in
that market have
(a)total revenues that exceed fixed costs.
(b)total revenues that exceed total variable costs.
(c)average total costs that exceed average revenue.
(d)average total costs less than market price.
5.A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market is currently producing 200
units of output. It has average revenue of $9 and average total cost of $7. It
follows that the firm's
(a)average total cost curve interects the marginal cost curve at an output
level of less than 200 units.
(b)average variable cost curve intersects the marginal cost curve at an output
level of less than 200 units.
(c)profit is $400.
(d)All of the above are correct.
6.Suppose when a monopolist produces 75 units its average revenue is $10 per
unit, its marginal revenue is $5 per unit, its marginal cost is $6 per unit,
and its average total cost is $5 per unit.
What can we conclude about this monopolist?
(a)The monopolist is currently maximizing progits, and its total profits are
$375.
(b)The monopolist is currently maximizing profits, and its total profits are
$300.
(c)The monopolist is not currently maximizing profits; it should produce more
units and charge a lower price to maximize profits.
(d)The monopolist is not currently maximizing profits; it should produce fewer
units and charge a higher price to maximize profits.
7.Product differentiation in monopolistically competitive markets ensures that,
for profit-maximizing firms, in the short-run,
(a)marginal revenue will equal average total cost.
(b)price ill exceed marginal cost.
(c)marginal cost will exceed average revenue.
(d) average variable cost will be declining.
8.A monopolistically competitive firm
(a)charges a price that is equal to marginal cost.
(b)experiences a zero profit in the long run.
(c)produces at the efficient scale in the long run.
(d)All of the above are correct.
9.Assume that Apple Computer has entered into an enforceale resale price
maintenance agreement with Computer Super Stores Inc. (CSS Inc.) and Wal-Mart.
Which of the following will always be true?
(a)The wholesale price of Apple computers will be different for CSS Inc. than
it is for Wal-Mart.
(b)Wal-Mart will benefit from customers who go to CSS Inc. for information
about different computers.
(c)CSS Inc. will sell Apple computers at a lower price than Wal-Mart.
(d)Wal-Mart and CSS Inc. will always well Apple Computers for exactly the same
price.
10.Bill is trying to convince the owner of a pizza shop to hire him. He argues
that he could help the shop sell an additional five pizzas per day at the
market price of $8 each. If the facts are not in dispute, but the owner does
not hire him, then
(a)the wage rate must be less than $40 per day.
(b)hiring Bill would involve a negative marginal product.
(c)the wage rate must be more than $40 per day.
(d)the wage rate must be less than $8 per day.
11.The negative slope of the value of marginal product curve is most easily
explained by
(a)tight labor markets.
(b)a surplus of workers.
(c)diminishing marginal product.
(d)diminishing marginal cost.
12.If an employer's behavior is supportive of the theory of efficiency wages,
the employer would
(a)raise wages in an effort to increase worker effort.
(b)raise wages in an effort to increase worker turnover.
(c)decrease wages in an effort to increase worker effort.
(d)decrease wages in an effort to increase worker turnover.
13.Store clerks are known to have low wages. This is likely to be reflect the
fact that
(a)store clerk jobs are perceived to be relatively easy, thus attracting low-
skill workers.
(b)store clerk jobs are perceived to be relatively difficult, thus attracting
high-skill workers.
(c)many people perceive the job of store clerk as having significant risk of
death on the job.
(d)store clerks are required to have a college degree.
14.The Tragedy of the Commons occurs because
(a)government property is most heavily used by the wealthy.
(b)everyone deserves an equal share of government property.
(c)social and private incentives differ.
(d)established property rights create competion.
15.Hapland and Genoshia have just started to trade with each other. Hapland
exports goods produced with skilled labor and impots goods made with unskilled
labor from Genoshia. Over time, we would expect that the wages of skilled labor
in Hapland will
(a)rise, and the wages of unskilled labor in Hapland will fall.
(b)fall, and the wages of unskilled labor in hapland will rise.
(c)rise, and the wages of unskilled labor in Hapland will rise.
(d)fall, and the wages of unskilled labor in Hapland will fall.
二、非選擇題(55%):
答題時請適當說明你的想法，計算題請說明推理過程，答案內容以讓批改者了解為原則。
1.(15%)葉教授本學期開設一門經濟學原理課程，修課學生的成績決定於一份兩人一組的
學期報告。報告的品質完全決定於學生的努力程度，若兩個組員都很努力，可以做出一份
品質好的報告;若一人努力一人不努力，報告品質中等;若兩人都不努力，報告品質差。
葉教授正在考慮該用哪種評分制度，他心中有兩個腹案:嚴格標準(好:90分,中等:70分,
差:50分)和寬鬆標準(好:90分,中等:80分,差:70分)。如果努力寫報告，學生會感到痛苦，
痛苦程度相當於成績被扣15分。
(a)(4%)友志和大風都修了葉教授的經原，並決定一起寫學期報告。假設葉教授採用嚴格
標準評分，請問兩人是否有優勢策略(若有，請寫出)?此時Nash均衡為何?
(b)(4%)承上題，假設葉教授改採寬鬆標準，請問兩人是否有優勢策略(若有，請寫出)?
此時Nash均衡為何?
(c)(4%)如果葉教授希望學生努力做報告，則他應該使用哪種評分標準?如果葉教授希望
學生得到較好的報酬，則他應該使用哪種評分標準?
(d)(3%)在哪種評分制度下，葉教授會讓學生陷入囚犯兩難(prisoner's dilemma)?
2.(15%)桃花源的桃子產業唯一完全競爭市場，市場需求為Q = 4800 - 200P。假設個別
桃農生產桃子的總生產函數為TC(q) = q^2 + 100, 由總成本可以算出邊際成本MC(q) = 2q
, 其中q為個別桃農的產量。
(a)(3%)現在桃花源共有80個桃農，請問市場的短期供給函數為何?桃子的均衡價格和交易
量個是多少?
(b)(3%)承上題，個別廠商的產量和利潤各是多少?桃子市場是否處於長期均衡?
(c)(4%)假設政府為了照顧桃農生計，決定給予每個桃農$36的補助。此一政策執行後，
桃子的短期均衡和交易量將如何變化?每個桃農的產量和利潤各為多少?此一政策
在短期是否會造成無謂損失?
(d)(5%)承上題，假設政府長期實施這樣的補貼政策。請問桃子的長期均衡價格和交易量
為何?個別桃農的產量和利潤各是多少?最終市場中會有幾家廠商?此一政策是否
會造成無謂損失?
3.(15%)假設某途站廠商生產函數是Q = √L, 其投入要素的成本為C = L/2 + 100,
市場需求函數是 P = 120 - Q, Q是市場的總需求量。
(a)(4%)請先計算此獨佔廠商的總成本，平均總成本，平均變動成本以及邊際成本。所有
的成本都必須是產量的函數。
(b)(4%)獨佔廠商最適的產量和定價分別為何?廠商利潤是多少?
(c)(4%)以效率的角度來說，社會最適的產量應是多少?獨佔造成多少無謂損失?
(d)(3%)若獨佔廠商可以執行完全差別定價，請問完全差別定價下廠商的利潤為何?
4.(10%)小鴻的生技公司生產保健產品，生產藥品的過程需要由經理和工程師依同合作
才能完成。生技公司的生產函數如下表:
經理
工程師 1單位 2單位 3單位
1單位 10 12 13
2單位 12 15 16
3單位 13 16 18
上表表達勞動投入與產出之間的關係。例如，小鴻雇用1單位經理與2單位工程師的話，
產量為12單位;若是用兩單位經理與3單位工程師的話，產量為16單位。以此類推。
市場上經理的薪資水準為每單位$20, 而工程師的薪資為每單位$10。小鴻的產品每單位
可賣$8。
(a)(5%)小鴻的公司目前有1單位的經理與1單位的工程師，請問小鴻再多雇用1單位工程師
的邊際產值(value of the marginal product)是多少?再多雇用1單位經理的邊際
產值是多少?小鴻目前是否已達最適的產量?
(b)(5%)若小鴻雇用2單位的工程師以及2單位的經理，這樣是否為最適的雇用量?
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