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課程名稱︰地理學通論上
課程性質︰地理系必修
課程教師︰黃誌川
開課學院：理學院
開課系所︰地理系
考試日期（年月日）︰99/11/09
考試時限（分鐘）：150分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
Key Term (1.5% each):
1.climate 2.subtropical climate
3.midlatittude climate 4.sensible heat
5.latent heat 6.environmental temperature lapse rate
7.ITCZ 8.Hadley cells
9.Monsoon 10.tropical cyclone
Multiple choice (1.5% each) :
1.Patterns of soil and vegetation are view at the ＿＿＿＿＿ scale.
a. global b. continental c. regional d. local
2.Five major fields of physical geography include geomorphology,coastal
and marine geography, biogeography,＿＿＿＿＿,＿＿＿＿＿. Water resources
and hazards assessment are important applied fields of physical geography.
a. climatology b. agriculture and land use c. medical geography
d. geography of soil
3.The Earth ＿＿＿＿＿ about its axis and ＿＿＿＿＿ around the Sun.
a. revolves, rotates b. spins, rotates
c. rotates, revolves d. revolves, orbits
4.Which descriptions about map projections are correct?
a.The polar projection is centered on the north or south pole and contain
meridians that are represented as curved lines.
b.The Mercator projection is a rectangular grid of meridians and parallels
depicted as straight vertical and horizontal lines, respectively.
c.While the Goode projection portrays the relative areas of landmasses on
the Earth's surface correctly, their shapes however become distorted
near the poles.
d.The Lamvert's projection used two set of mathematical curves to form
its meridians.
5.The axis of the Earth's rotation is titled by 23.5°away from the plane
of the ecliptic. This tilt causes the ＿＿＿＿＿
a. days and nights b. time zones
c. seasons d. ocean
6.The Earth's ＿＿＿＿＿＿ regions have the greatest insolation variation.
a. polar b. equatorial c. midlatitude d. tropical
7.＿＿＿＿ is the difference between all incoming and outgoing radiations.
a. Net radiation b. Counterradiation c. The greenhouse effect
d. Albedo
8.The differences between longwave radiation and shortwave radiation are
＿＿＿＿＿＿.
a. energe b. wavelengths c. resource d. temperature
9.Greenhouse gases contain ＿＿＿＿＿＿
a. oxygen b.nitrogen c. argon d. chlorine
10.Which descriptions about albedo are correct?
a. the proportion of shortwave radiant energe scattered upward by surface.
b. the difference between all incoming and outgoing radiations.
c. a surface with a high albedo reflects much of the solar radiation.
d. the albedo values obtained vary between 0.29 and 0.34.
11.The ＿＿＿＿＿ is noted for the fact that air warms as altitude increase
to a height of about thirty miles( 50 kilometers ).
a. troposphere b. mesosphere c. heterosphere d. stratosphere
12.＿＿＿＿＿ can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
a. A decaying plant b. A marine photosynthesizing organism
c. A terrestrail photosynthesizing plant d. A buring fossil fuels
13.The ＿＿＿＿＿ of the air represents the actual quantity of water vapor
held by the air.
a. relative humidity b. saturation level
c. specific humidity d. absolute saturation level
14.Which descriptions of the daily cycle of surface air temperature are
correct?
a. controlled by the dialy cycle od net radiation.
b. during the day, negative net radiation causes air temperature to fall.
c. at night, positive net radiation cause tenperature to rise.
d. the net radiation of midnight is lower than midday.
15.Which descriptions of humidity are correct?
a. humafity refers to the amount of water vapor present in air.
b. the dew-point temperature of mass of air is the temperature at which
saturation will occur.
c. the actual quantity of water vapor held by a paecel of air is its
specific humidity.
d. relative hunidity only depends on the water vapor.
16.Since rising air cools less rapidly when condensation is occurring as a
result of the release of latent heat, the ＿＿＿＿ has a lesser value
than the ＿＿＿＿＿.
a. dry adiabatic lapse rate; wet adiabatic lapse rate
b. dry adiabatic lapse rate; environmental adiabatic lapse rate
c. environmental adiabatic lapse rate; wet adiabatic lapse rate
d. wet adiabatic lapse rate; dry adiabatic lapse rate
17.Four types of precipitation are ＿＿＿＿＿＿.
a.orographic b. advection c. cyclonic d. convergent
18.A parcel of air is subjected to three forces and the balance among the
＿＿＿＿＿, Coriolis, and frictional forces fetermines the direction of
motion of the parcel of air.
a. gravitational b. pressure gradient c. centrifugal d. divergent
19.Local winds include ＿＿＿＿＿＿.
a. land and sea breezes b. mountain and valley winds
c. drainage wind d. and Santa Ana winds
20.Which descriptions of Coriolis Effect are correct?
a. acts to deflect the paths of winds or ocean currents to right in
eastern hemisphere.
b. acts to deflect the paths of winds or ocean currents to left in
southern hemisphere.
c. Coriolis force increases with the speed of motion but decreases
with latitude.
d. Coriolis force equals zero at polar.
21.＿＿＿＿＿, which form in the westerlies of the northern homisphere,
mark the boundary between cold polar air and warm tropical air.
a. Hadley waves b. Jet stream eaves c. Rossby waves d. Polar front waves
22.Which descriptions below are incorrect?
¯¯¯¯¯¯
a. the ITCZ, or intertropical Convergence zone, occurs in two bands, just
north and south of the equator.
b. monsoon circulation is caused by seasonal variation of solar insolation.
c. the monsoon srason is much stronger in Asia than in North America
because the subcontinent of India develops a high pressure system
during the winter.
d. the one thing than drives the Hadley cells of the equatorial region
is heat from the sun.
23.Which descriptions of cyclones and anticyclones are correct?
a. cyclone is air spiraling inward and upward.
b. anticyclone is air spiraling downward and outward.
c. In the southern hemisphere, cyclonic spiral will be counterclockwise.
d. In the northern hemisphere, anticyclonic spiral will be counterclockwise.
24.＿＿＿＿＿air masses generally posses the lowest moisture content.
a. Maritime tropical b. Continental polar
c. Maritime tropical d. Continental tropical
25.The ＿＿＿＿＿ were often threatened by hurricanes or typhoons.
a. North America b. South America c. Africa d. East Asia
26.The strong onshore winds of a tropical cyclone, coupled with ＿＿＿＿＿.
a. earthquake b. global warming c. heavy rain d. damaging flood
27.＿＿＿＿＿ are distincitive patterns of annual temperture cycles related
to latitude and location.
a. Temperature zones b. Temperature regimes
c. Vegetation zones d. Mean temperatures
28.Key factors influence air temperature are ＿＿＿＿＿＿.
a. insolation b. longitude c. elevation d. coastal＆interior location
29.The Koppen climate syetem groups are ＿＿＿＿＿
a. low-latitude climates b. mid-latitude climates
c. high-latitude climates d. highland climate
30.Which decriptions about climate are correct?
a. the Koppen climate classification system divides the world into seven
major climate zones.
b. high-latitude climate (Group III) types are dominantly found in the
northern hempisphere.
c. in Strahler's climate classification system there are only three
climate types which do not fit the either the wet or dry pattern.
d. warm air can more hola more moisture than can cold air.
Question ( 6% each ) :
1. What is electromagnetic radiation? How is it characterized? Identify
the major regions of the electromagnetic radiation.
2. Identify five important factors in determining air temperature and air
temperature cycles.
3. Describe the convectional precipitation process. What is the energe source
that powers this source of precipitation?
4. Identify seven important features of the global map of precipitation and
describe the factors that produce each.
5. What is GIS (geograohic information system) and what are the key elements
of a GIS
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