課程名稱︰德意志文化史
課程性質︰歷史系選修
課程教師︰花亦芬
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰歷史學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2011/1/11
考試時限（分鐘）：180分鐘(1:20-4:20)
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
1. 請翻譯以下的引文(Hagen Schulze, Germany:A New History, p.221)。並說明Hagen
Schulze為何會如此詮釋威瑪文化(Weimar culture)在德國邁向民主化道路上所遭遇的問
題，這與他討論Nazi興起有何關連?(60%)
Weimar culture was both deeply bourgeois and at the same time infected by
strong antibourgeois sentiment; it received its characteristic stamp from the
experience of the Great War. The leftists had learned from it that everything
to do with killing, the military, and uniforms was evil and senseless, while
socialism was good. A man such as Carl von Ossietzky, editor of the Weltbühne
,fought for the republican cause in the name of morality and human rights-not
for the existing Weimar Republic, however, which struck him and so many other
intellectuals of the era as lacking in principle, immature, boring, and bourg-
eois, but rather for an imaginary socialist and pacifist republic. To help such
a republic into the world he was prepared to advocate the election of Ernst
Thälmann,leader of the German Communist Party, as president.
At the other end of the cultural spectrum were the rightists, who had been
equally affected by their war experiences but had drawn the opposite conclusi-
ons from them. They recalled the war not in terms of horror and inhumanity but
in terms of the fiery furnace in which a new kind of man had been forged of
blood and iron. Right-wing intellectuals like Ernst Jünger also fought the
republic at every opportunity, in the name of an ideal that remained vague,
somehow martial and nationalistic, but often with socialist aspects. The lack
of clarity in their goals led many of them to take up with Hitler, who knew
exactly what he meant by "national"and"socialist."Only a few, such as Jünger,
kept their distance from larger movements.
2.德國總統Richard von Weizsäcker於1985年5月8日在國會發表歐洲終戰四十週年紀念
的演說，如何論述德國歷史教育應有的走向?(40%)
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