課程名稱︰西洋政治哲學上
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰江宜樺
開課系所︰政治學系
考試時間︰2005/1/11
試題 :
國立臺灣大學政治學系
九十三學年度第一學期
西洋政治哲學
期末考試題
本試卷共五題。請在第一、二題中擇一,第三、四、五題中擇二作答。共回答三題,每題
三十三分。作答時不必抄題,標明題號即可。
一、有人認為馬基維利《君王論》的教誨,徹底改變了西方古典時期「四大基本德行」(
智慧、正義、勇敢、節制)的內涵。請逐一就這四種德行加以分析,說明您是否贊同
上述說法。
二、以下段落是某位學者對馬基維利的評論,請翻譯之。
Machiavelli's criticism of classical and contemporary humanism is thus
a simple but devastating one. He argues that, if a ruler wishes to reach
his highest goals, he will not always find it rational to be moral; on the
contrary, he will find that any consistent attempt to 'practise all those
things for which men are considered good' will prove a ruinously irrational
policy. But what of the Christian objection that this is a foolish as well
as a wicked position to adopt, since it forgets the day of judgement on
which all injustices will finally be punished? About this Machiavelli says
nothing at all. His silence is eloquent, indeed epoch-making; it echoed
around Christian Europe, at first eliciting a stunned silence in return,
and then a howl of execration that has never finally died away.
請再以您對《君王論》的瞭解,舉出一、兩個書中實例以佐證這段評論文字。
三、亞理斯多德認為「城邦是自然的存在」,請問他的論證方式為何?您同意城邦的自然
論證嗎?為什麼?
四、請簡述懷疑學派與斯多噶學派的主張,並比較其異同。您比較欣賞哪一種學派?為什
麼?
五、對奧古斯丁而言,原罪的實質意義是什麼?這種罪惡在屬天之城與屬地之城如何不斷
展現?人類是否可以憑藉自由意志矯正此種罪行?您能接受他的說法嗎?為什麼?
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