課程名稱︰西洋政治哲學
課程性質︰政治系三組共同必修
課程教師︰江宜樺
開課系所︰政治系
考試時間︰95/1/10
試題 :
本試卷共五題。其中第一、二題中擇一作答，第三、四、五題中擇二作答。共回答三題，
每題三十三分。作答時不必抄題，標明題號即可。
一、《君主論》的第六章講「以自己的軍力與才能獲得的君主國」，第七章講「以他人的
軍力或由於命運而獲得的君主國」，請問在這兩種不同情況中，馬基維里分別提出
了哪些建議? 這些建議的共同點又是什麼?
二、何謂「馬基維里主義」(Machiavellianism)?為何有些學者說在馬基維里主義中，強
調的是政治意志與決斷，而不是西塞羅式的法學論証?
三、請翻譯下面這段文字，並在翻譯完成之後，說明這段文字的作者是誰?他對人民與國
家之間的關係有何看法?
There is in fact a true law -- namely, right reason -- which is in
accordance with nature, applies to all men, and is unchangeable and
eternal. By its command this law summons men to the performance of their
duties; by its prohibitions it restrains them from doing wrong. Its
command and prohibitions always influence good men, but are without
effect upon the bad. To invalidate this law by human legislation is never
morally right, nor is it permissible ever to restrict its operation, and
to annul it wholly is impossible. Neither the senate nor the people can
absolve us from our obligation to obey this lawm and it requires no Sextus
Aelius to expound and interpret it. It will not lay down one rule at Rome
and another at Athens, nor will it be one rule today and another tomorrow.
But there will be, as it were, one common master and ruler of men, namely
God, who is the author of this law, its interpreter, and its sponsor. The
man who will not obey will abandon his better self, and in denying the
true nature of a man, will thereby suffer the severest of penalties,though
he has escaped all the other consequences which men call punishment.
四、奧古斯丁相信「鎮壓異端、強迫改信」是正當的，雖然這種觀點與我們今日一般看法
相左，但他也曾提出支持「強迫改信」的理由。請你分析奧古斯丁在這個問題上的論
証，再說明你不支持(或支持)他的論証的原因。
五、請闡述多瑪斯．阿奎那對永恆法、自然法、人為法的界定與區分，並分別舉例說明
之。
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