課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習
課程教師︰張清溪
開課系所︰經濟系
考試時間︰2005.11.11(五)
試題 :
[選擇題](每題2分,總分50分)
1.Mallory decides to spend 3 hours working overtime rather than watching a
video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour. Her opportunity cost of
working is
(a) the $24 she earns working.
(b) the $24 minus the enjoyment she would have received from watching the
video.
(c) the enjoyment she would have received had she watched the video.
(d) nothing, since she would have received less than $24 of enjoyment from
the video.
2.The invisible hand's ability to coordinate the decisions of the firms and
households in the economy can be hindered(妨礙)by
(a) government actions that distort prices.
(b) increased competition in the market.
(c) extended periods of unemployment.
(d) a dramatic reduction in consumer spending.
3.Trade that benefits both sides is based on
(a) absolute advantage.
(b) comparative advantage.
(c) production costs.
(d) relative dollar prices.
4.Mike and Sandy are two woodworkers who both make tables and chairs. In one
month, Mike can make 4 tables or 20 chairs, where Sandy can make 6 tables
or 18 chairs. Given this, we know that
(a) Mike has an absolute advantage in chairs.
(b) Mike has a comparative advantage in tables.
(c) Sandy has an absolute advantage in chairs.
(d) Sandy has a comparative advantage in chairs.
5.Suppose that a worker in Freedonia can produce either 6 units of corn or 2
units of wheat per year, and a worker in Sylvania can produce either 2 units
of corn or 6 units of wheat per year. Each nation has 10 workers. For many
years the two countries traded, each completely specializing in producing
the grain for which it has a comparative advantage. Now, however, war has
broken out between them and all trade has stopped. Without trade, Freedonia
produces and consumes 30 units of corn and 10 units of wheat per year.
Sylvania produces and consumes 10 units of corn and 30 units of wheat. By
how much has the combined yearly output of the two countries declined?
(a) 10 units of corn and 10 units of wheat.
(b) 20 units of corn and 20 units of wheat.
(c) 30 units of corn and 30 units of wheat.
(d) 40 units of corn and 40 units of wheat.
6.A production possibilities frontier will be liner and not bowes out if
(a) no tradeoffs exits.
(b) the tradeoff between the two goods is always at a constant rate.
(c) unemployment is zero.
(d) resources are allocated efficiently.
7.Suppose that a decrease in the price of X results in less of good of Y sold.
This would mean that X and Y are
(a) complementary goods.
(b) normal goods.
(c) inferior goods.
(d) substitude goods.
8.If a surplus exists in a market we know that the actual price is
(a) above equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantity
demanded.
(b) above equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater than quantity
supplied.
(c) below equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater than quantity
supplied.
(d) below equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantity
demanded.
9.Which of the following will definitely cause equilibrium quantity to fall?
(a) demand increases and supply decreases.
(b) demand and supply both decrease.
(c) demand decreases and supply increases.
(d) demand and supply both increase.
10.When the price of bubble gum is $0.50, the quantity demanded is 400 packs
per day. When the price falls to $0.40, the quantity demanded increases to
600. Given this information and using the midpoint method, you know that
the demand foe bubble gum is
(a) inelastic.
(b) elastic.
(c) unit elastic.
(d) perfectly in elastic.
11.A perfectly inelastic demand curve will be
(a) negatively sloped, because buyers decrease their purchases when the
price rises.
(b) vertical, because buyers purchases the same amount whether the price
rises or falls.
(c) positively sloped, because buyers respond by increasing their purchases
when price rises.
(d) horizontal, because buyers increase their purchases by huge amounts
with slight changes in price.
12.If the demand curve is liner and downward sloping, which of the following
would NOT be correct?
(a) The upper part of the demand curve is more elastic than the lower part.
(b) Elasticity will change with a movement down the curve.
(c) The lower part of the demand curve would be less elastic than the upper
part.
(d) Slope will change with a movement down the curve.
13.Suppose that 50 candy bars are demanded at a particular price. If the price
of candy bars rises by 4 percent, the number of candy bars demanded falls
to 46 candy bars. According to the mispoint method, this means that the
(a) demand for candy bars in this price range is elastic.
(b) demand for candy bars in this price range is inelastic.
(c) price elasticity of demand foe candy bars is 0.
(d) demand for candy bars is unit elastic.
14.A tax on the sellers of TVs
(a) leads sellers to supply a smaller quantity at every price.
(b) leads buyers to demand a smaller quantity at every price.
(c) leads sellers to supply a larger quantity at every price.
(d) causes the supply curve to shift to the right.
15.Buyers of a product will pay the majority of a tax placed on a product when
(a) supply is more elastic than demand.
(b) the demand in more elastic than supply.
(c) the tax is placed on the seller of the product.
(d) the tax is placed on the buyer of the product.
16.A fall in the price of widgets leads consumers to buy more widgets(裝飾品).
From this information we can conclude that widgets
(a) are normal goods.
(b) are inferior goods.
(c) are Giffen goods.
(d) None of the above are correct.
17.An optimizing consumer will select a consumption bundle in which
(a) income is maximized and prices are minimized.
(b) utility is maximized and prices are minimized.
(c) utility is maximized subject to budget constraints.
(d) utility is maximozed and indefference curves are liner.
18.Economic profit is equal to
(a) total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.
(b) total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and
services.
(c) total revenue minus the accounting cost of producing goods and services
(d) average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a
good or service.
19.Economists normally assume that the goal of a firm is to
(a) maximize its total revenue.
(b) maximize its profit.
(c) minimize its explicit costs.
(d) minimize its total cost.
20.Mike and Sandy are two woodworkers who both make tables and chairs. In one
month, Mike can make 4 tables or 20 chairs, where Sandy can make 6 tables
and 18 chairs. Given this, we know that the opportunity cost of 1 table for
(a) Mike is 1/5 chair and 1/3 chair for Sandy.
(b) Mike is 5 chairs and 3 chairs for Sandy.
(c) Mike is 1/3 chair and 1/5 chair for Sandy.
(d) Mike is 3 chairs and 5 chairs for Sandy.
21.The marginal product pf labor is equal to the
(a) incremental cost associated with a one unit increase in labor.
(b) incremental profit associated with a one unit increase in labor.
(c) increase in labor necessary to generate a one unit increase in output.
(d) increase in out put obtained from a one unit increase in labor.
22.Which of the following statement best captures the nature of the
Neoclassical production function?
(a) Output increases at a decreacing rate with additional units of input.
(b) Output increases at an increasing rate with additional units of input.
(c) Output decreases at a decreasing rate with additional units of input.
(d) Output decreases at an increasing rate with additional units of input.
23.A total-cost curve shows the relationship between the
(a) quantity of an input used and the total cost of production.
(b) quantity of output produced and the total cost of production.
(c) total cost of production and profit.
(d) total cost of production and total revenue.
24.Marginal cost equals
(a) total cost divided by quantity of output produced.
(b) total output divided by the change in total cost.
(c) the slope of the total cost curve.
(d) None of the above are correct.
25.Labor productivity is usually defined as
(a) the lowest short-run average cost.
(b) average product of labor.
(c) marginal product of labor.
(d) marginal product of capital.
[問答題](以下題目每題十分，除非另有註記，總分70分)
一、張三有這樣的推論，說：「一個農人大豐收，他的收入會增加；所有農人大豐收，每
個農人的收入也會增加。」
1.張三的推論，犯了什麼「邏輯的謬誤」？
2.如何用最少的文字改正張三的錯誤推論？
3.如何用供需線解釋你修正後的正確推論？
4.你的推論與「供給彈性」或「需求彈性」有關？
5.如何相關？(怎麼用那個彈性說明你的正確推論？)
二、1.何謂「價值的矛盾」？
2.請用「消費者剩餘」來解釋：這個「矛盾」其實並不矛盾。
三、1.請用「邊際效用分析法」導出需求線。
2.並以此說明「需求價格」是「消費者最高願付價格」。
四、在一條負斜率的需求線上任取一點，稱為a點；令此時的價格為P1，數量為Q1。定義b
點的價量組合為：P2=1/2P1,Q1。再定義c點為P2時消費者效用最大的價量組合。
1.繪出這條需求線，標示出a,b,c點，並比較這三點的「消費者剩餘」。
2.另繪一個對應上述需求線的無異曲線圖，並在圖上標出a',b',c'分別對應於前述的
a,b,c點。在繪出通過這三點的無異曲線。
五、繪一個圖，表示一個完全競爭廠商短期利潤為負的均衡。
六、1.「粉絲」對其偶像的需求彈性大或小？為什麼？
2.想要用「薄利多銷」來賺錢，其需求彈性有何必要條件？為什麼？
七、繪圖說明APL,MPL與AVC,MC的關係。
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因為有很多英文
有錯請指正，謝謝:)
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