課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習
課程性質︰系定必修(可兼通識)
課程教師︰張清溪
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰Jan.11.2008
考試時限（分鐘）：140分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是,謝謝
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
壹,選擇題(每題二分,共六十分)
1.「自願就學方案」源起於一個誤解,它是誤解了:
a.競爭的真正意義 c.教育理念,不同於經濟效益的教育目的
b.自願與被迫的區別 d.學校就學(schooling)與教育(education)的差異
2.國中升高中「自願就學方案」會造成的不良結果,包括:
a.國中教育變成沒有意義 c.學生升學的機率減少
b.學生之間的競爭行為更激烈 d.a與b均是
3.中共在「改革開放」後,經濟開放,政治獨裁的結果,形成什麼制度?
a.公營企業 b.私營企業 c.私營政府 d.公營政府
4.中國共產黨的本質是什麼?
a.鬥爭與獨裁 b.謊言與暴力 c.改革與開放 d.市場與政府
5. If marginal utility is diminishing and is a positive amount,
a. the consumer has gone beyond her optimal consumption.
b. total utility will increase.
c. the consumers get no satisfaction from consuming the good.
d. total utility will decrease.
6. Total utility is maximized in the consumption of two goods by
a. equating the marginal utility of each good divided by its price.
b. equating the total utility of each good divided by its price.
c. equating the marginal utilities received from each good.
d. maximizing expenditure on each good.
7. Which of the following is not held constant along a demand curve?
a. tastes and preferences c. marginal utilities
b. price of related goods d. income
8. A fall in price along an elastic demand curve for a normal good will
a. increase total utility(TU), consumer surplus and consumer expenditure,
and decrease marginal utility(MU).
b. increase TU, MU, consumer surplus, and consumer expenditure.
c. decrease TU and consumer surplus, and increase consumer expenditure and
MU.
d. increase consumer surplus and TU, and decrease consumer expenditure and
MU.
9. The slope of the indifference curve is referred to as
a. the marginal rate of consumption c. the price ratio
b. the marginal rate of substitution d. the marginal utilities
10.In the short run, the relations between marginal product(MP) and average
product(AP) are that
a. AP decreases while MP is decreasing c. all of the above
b. MP increases while AP is increasing d. none of the above
11.Diminishing MP of labor occurs when adding another unit of labor
a. increases output by an amount larger than those added by previous units
of labor.
b. decreases output.
c. decreases output by an amount smaller than those added by previous units
of labor.
d. increases output by an amount smaller than those added by previous units
of labor.
12.Firms in perfect competition have no control over
a. what price to charge c. what input combination to use
b. how much to produce d. all of the above
13.For a perfectly competitive firm,
a. MR = AR > price c. MR > AP = price
b. MR = AR = price d. price = AR > MR
14.Which characteristic of perfect competition assures its long-run economic
profit equals to zero?
a. Each firm's output is small relative to the total market output.
b. There are no barriers to firms entering or exiting the market.
c. Goods produced in the market are identical.
d. Each firm is a price taker.
e. All of the above.
15.In an increasing cost industry, the entry of new firms
a. increases output because of economies of scale.
b. increases market demand.
c. increases economic profits.
d. will drive up input prices which shifts the average cost curve upwards.
16.Over the relevant range of its market demand, a monopolistically competitive
firm faces
a. a highly inelastic demand curve. c. a perfectly elastic demand curve.
b. an elastic demand curve. d. a unit elastic demand curve.
17.A monopolistically competitive industry is similar to a perfectly
competitive one in that
a. firms in both types of industries cannot influence the market price.
b. firms in both types of industries are able to earn economic profits in
long-run equilibrium.
c. firms in both types of industries produce products for which there are
no close substitutes.
d. new firms can enter the industries easily.
18.When a firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve, marginal revenue
a. is less than price because a firm must lower its price to sell more.
b. must exceed price because the revenue effect outweighs the price effect.
c. equals price because there is no price discrimination.
d. must exceed price because the price effect outweighs the revenue effect.
19.Which of the following is true for a monopolistically competitive firm in
long run equilibrium?
a. P = ATC and P = MC c. P = ATC and MR = MC
b. P > MR and MC = ATC d. P > ATC and P > MR
20.Being the only seller in the market, the monopolist faces
a. a perfectly elastic demand curve.
b. the market demand curve.
c. a perfectly inelastic demand curve.
d. a downward sloping demand curve that lies below the marginal revenue
curve.
21.Which of the following is true for a profit-maximizing monopolistically
competitive firm in the long run but not necessarily for a monopolist?
a. AC = P b. MC = P c. MC = MR d. AR = P
22.To be a natural monopoly a firm must
a. have large variable costs of production relative to fixed costs.
b. be very large.
c. have economies of scale over the entire, or a substantial range of total
market demand.
d. control an essential natural resourse input.
23.Price discrimination is the practice of
a. charging different prices for the same good.
b. charging higher prices for brand named goods and lower prices for its
generic versions.
c. charging different prices for different qualities of a product.
d. charging the same price fo different goods.
24.The Law of One Price states that
a. if transactions costs are zero, firms must sell their products at
marginal cost.
b. if transactions costs are zero, all firms must earn the same profit
margin.
c. there is no cost differences in producing the same goods by different
producers.
d. if transactions costs are zero, identical goods should sell for the same
price everywhere.
25.What is the term that describes a situation in which one party to an
economic transaction has less information than the other party?
a. price discrimination c. asymmetric information
b. network externalities d. deadweight loss
26.The "lemons problem" in used car markets results in a situation where
a. used cars are over-priced relative to new cars.
b. sellers of high-quality cars drop out of the market.
c. used cars are under-priced relative to new cars.
d. sellers of low-quality cars drop out of the market.
27.The production possibilities frontier illustrates which of the following
economic principles?
a. economic efficiency c. market equilibrium
b. oppotunity cost d. a and b are correct
28.The difference between the maximum price a person is willing to pay for a
good and the price actually paid for the good is called
a. the excess demand c. two-part tariffs pricing
b. the income effect d. consumer surplus
29.An externality
a. enhances market efficiency c. exists because of non-rivalry
b. refers to a missing market d. is a private cost or benefit
30.Who owns a corporation?
a. The board of directors c. The employees
b. The CEO d. The stockholders
貳,問答題(共六十分)
一,(20分) 假設小明以消費X和Y兩種物品極大化其效用.令Px,Py和I分別代表X,Y的價格和
小明的所得.假設物品可以無限細分,請以X為橫軸,Y為縱軸畫出小明的預算線和無異曲
線並根據題意標示清楚各座標的正確位置,回答以下問題:
(1)假設X和Y分別代表味噌湯和貢丸,而且小明每次喝一碗味噌湯一定要加一顆貢丸
(多加貢丸對小明來講沒差異).若令Px = Py = 5, I = 10,請畫圖說明小明效用極大
的消費組合為何.
(2)此時,為了獎勵小明成績進步,老師決定給小明:(A)10塊錢;或(B)一張可兌換2單位
X的兌換券.請問,對小明而言,(A)和(B)何者為佳?請畫圖說明.
(3)如果X和Y分別代表可口可樂和百事可樂,而小明只在乎喝多少罐可樂(他不在乎可口
或百事).令Px = 2, Py = 4, I = 10,請畫圖說明小明效用極大的消費組合為何.
(4)同樣,現在為了獎勵小明成績進步,老師決定給小明(A)4塊錢或(B)一張可兌換1單位
Y的兌換券.請問對小明而言,(A)和(B)何者為佳?請畫圖說明.
二,(10分)設獨占者面對市場需求線:P = 60 - 2Q,而其成本結構為AC = MC = 4.
請回答下列問題:
(1)若獨占者採單一訂價,計算其利潤極大化的產量,價格與利潤,以及此時的消費者剩餘
(2)若獨占者採「完全差別訂價」,計算此時的產量,消費者剩餘和廠商利潤.
三,(10分)繪圖比較「完全競爭」 與「獨占性競爭」廠商,長期均衡的「生產效率」和
「配置效率」.
四,(20分)是非解釋題.以下敘述若對,請標示"T";若錯,請標示"F",並簡略解釋你的答案.
不解釋不給分.
(1)獨占廠商與獨占性競爭廠商在長期下皆有超額產能.
(2)如果平均成本線為負斜率則代表邊際成本線也是負斜率.
(3)完全競爭市場的長期均衡價格必定等於長期平均成本線的最低點.
(4)獨占廠商透過「差別訂價」必定可以使市場達到經濟效率.
(5)道德危機是造成「酸梨子市場」(lemon market)形成的主因.
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※ 編輯: StarFeather 來自: 140.112.7.59 (01/11 12:31)