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課程名稱︰ 經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質︰ 系定必修(可兼通識)
課程教師︰ 張清溪
開課學院： 社會科學院
開課系所︰ 財金系 經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰ 97年11月14日
考試時限（分鐘）： 9:20~11:20
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
總分120分，滿分100分
選擇題（每題2分，總分50分）
1. For two individuals who engage in the same two productive activities,
it is impossible for one of the two individuals to
(a) have a comparative advantage in both activities.
(b) be more productive per unit of time in both activities.
(c) have an absolute advantage in both activities.
(d) All of the above are correct.
2. If a good is normal, then an increase in income will result in
(a) a movement down and to the right along the demand curve for the good.
(b) a decrease in the demand for the good.
(a) a movement up and to the left along the demand curve for the good.
(d) an increase in the demand for the good.
3. According to the law of demand,
(a) quantity supplied and quantity demanded are negatively related.
(b) price and quantity demanded are positively related.
(c) quantity supplied and quantity demanded are positively related.
(d) price and quantity demanded are negatively related.
4. Which of the following would not affect an individual's demand curve?
(a) expectations
(b) price of related goods
(c) income
(d) the number of buyers
5. The supply of a good is negatively related to the
(a) price of the good itself.
(b) amount of profit a firm can expect to recieve from selling the good.
(c) price of inputs used to make the good.
(d) demand for the good by consumers.
6. Which of the following might cause the equilibrium price to fall and the
equilibrium quantity of bread to increase?
(a) a rise in the price of oatmeal, a substitute product
(b) a fall in the price of flour
(c) a rise in the price of butter, a complementary product
(d) a rise in the price of flour
7. In January, buyers of gold expect that the price of gold will fall by
February. What happens in the gold market in January, holding all else
constant?
(a) The supply curve shifts to the left.
(b) The demand curve shifts to the left.
(c) Both demand curve and supply curve shift to the left.
(d) Both demand curve and supply curve shift to the right.
8. Suppose that when the price of pinto beans rises, the Ruiz family increase
their purchase of rice. To the Ruiz family, beans and rice are
(a) substitutes.
(b) inferior goods.
(c) complements.
(d) normal goods.
9. Necessities such as food and clothing tend to have ____ price elasticities
of demand and ____ income elasticities of demand.
(a) high ; high
(b) low ; high
(c) high ; low
(d) low ; low
10. When we move upward and to the left along a linear demand curve, price
elasicity of demand
(a) first becomes smaller, then larger.
(b) always become larger.
(c) first becomes larger, then smaller.
(d) always become smaller.
11. On a downward-sloping linear demand curve, total revenue reaches its
maximum value at the
(a) midpoint of the demand curve.
(b) It is impossible to tell without knowing prices and quantities
demanded.
(c) upper end of the demand curve.
(d) lower end of the demand curve.
12. A price elasicity of demand curve equals to zero indicates that the demand
curve for the product is
(a) curvilinear.
(b) downward sloping.
(c) vertical.
(d) horizontal.
13. Shannon buys a new CD player for her car for $135. She recieves consumer
surplus of $25 on her purchase if her willingness to pay is
(a) $135.
(b) $160.
(c) $110.
(d) $25.
14. A consumer's willingness to pay for a product
(a) measures how much a consumer has to pay to receive the product.
(b) is the marginal benefit of the product to the consumer.
(c) is the cost of the product to the buyer.
(d) measures how much a producer requires to supply the product.
15. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Price controls create scarcity.
(b) If price controls were lifted and price allowed to move freely,
scarcity and surplus will be eliminated.
(c) Scarcity means that shortages occur at the existing market price.
(d) Shortage can be eliminated by allowing prices to rise but scarcity
can never be eliminated.
16. A consumer's preferences for right shoes and left shoes can be
represented by indifference curve that are
(a) bowed out from the origin.
(b) straight lines.
(c) bowed in towards the origin.
(d) right angle.
17. If marginal utility is diminishing and is a positive amount,
(a) total utility will increase.
(b) total utility will decrease.
(c) the consumer has gone beyond her optimal consumption.
(d) the consumers get no satisfaction from consuming the good.
18. Total utility is maximized in the consumption of two goods by
(a) maximizing expenditure on each good.
(b) equating the total utility of each good divided by its price.
(c) equating the marginal utilities received from each good.
(d) equationg the marginal utility of each good divided by its price.
19. Suppose Barry is maximizing his utility from consuming used paperback
novels and audio book. The price of a used novel = $8; and the price
of audio books = $8. If the marginal utility of the last novel was 32
units of utility, what was the marginal utility of the last audio book
purchased?
(a) 2 units of utility
(b) 12 units of utility
(c) 16 units of utility
(d) 64 units of utility
20. Assume the law of demand and the law of supply both apply to the market
for cars. If the government imposed a $500 tax per car on buyers of cars,
then the price received by sellers of cars would
(a) decrease by exactly $500.
(b) increase by an indeterminate amount.
(c) decrease by more than $500.
(d) decrease by less than $500.
21. A $2.00 tax placed on the sellers of mailboxes will shift the supply curve
(a) downward by less than $2.00.
(b) upward by exactly $2.00.
(c) upward by less than $2.00.
(d) downward by exactly $2.00.
22. Vertical equity and horizontal equity are associated with
(a) the benefits principle of taxation.
(b) falling marginal tax rates.
(c) the ability-to-pay principle of taxation.
(d) taxes that have no deadweight losses.
23. "A $1,000 tax paid by a poor person may be a larger sacrifice than a
$10,000 tax paid by a wealthy person" is an argument based on
(a) a regressive tax argument.
(b) the benefits principle.
(c) the ability-to-pay principle.
(d) the horizontal equity principle.
24. A tariff
(a) makes domestic producers better off.
(b) makes everyone worse off.
(c) makes both domestic producers and consumers better off.
(d) makes domestic consumers better off.
25. When a country allows trade and becomes and exporter of a good, domestic
producers ____ and domestic consumers ____.
(a) lose ; gain
(b) gain ; lose
(c) gain ; gain
(d) lose ; lose
問答題（總分70分，每題10分，除非另有註明）
一、假設Ｘ物品合乎「供給原則」與「需求原則」。
1. 繪出「供需圖」並配合簡單文字，說明均衡價格、均衡數量、生產者與
消費者剩餘。
2. 若此時開放進口，國外價格低於國內。在上圖上繪出此時的變化，並說明此時的
國內生產量、進口量、國內消費量、國內價格、生產者與消費者剩餘。
二、(20分)下表是甲、乙兩人在給定的時間下，分別能夠生產Ａ、Ｂ物品的生產可能。
Ａ物品 Ｂ物品
某甲 x 40
某乙 200 y
另外，假設甲乙對於此二種物品的「無異曲線」皆凸向原點。 且已知甲、乙兩人
在獨立工作時，效果最大的決策為各花一半的時間生產Ａ、Ｂ物品。試回答下列
問題：
1. 給定任何x和y，證明甲國不可能同時生產Ａ和Ｂ的生產上具有比較利益。
2. 假設x=40，y=400 (以下皆是)，令Ａ為橫軸Ｂ為縱軸，請繪出生產可能線的
圖形，表示甲在獨立工作下的生產點與消費點(標示為ａ點)。
3. 現在兩人決定根據比較利益原則，專業化分工以進行合作，請在上圖中標出
甲在專業後的生產點(標示為ｂ點)。
4. 專業化分工後，在前述圖形中，繪出兩人未進行交換的情況下，甲的效用水準。
5. 請舉出一個甲、乙可以相互交易而雙贏的物物交換比例，並畫圖說明甲交換後
消費點(設為ｃ點)的效用水準。
三、在價格上限的管制下，市場出現超額需求。請輔以圖形，回答下列問題並解釋之：
1. 比較在短期下「黑市」與「黃牛」哪種對「生產者」而言，福利水準較高？
2. 比較在長期下「黑市」與「黃牛」哪種對「消費者」而言，福利水準較高？
3. 比較「黃牛」與「排隊」哪種情形較具經濟效率？
四、如果學校有停車位300個，師生對停車的需求函數是 Q = 500 - P 。請問：
1. 均衡價格為何？此時的消費者與生產者剩餘各為若干？
2. 若學校不收停車費，停車位以抽籤發證。此時的生產者剩餘多少？消費者剩餘
最多、最少各是多少？
五、(20分)「是」「非」「簡答」題。以下敘述如果是對的，請標示"Ｔ"；反之標示
"Ｆ"，並簡略解釋你的答案。不解釋不給分。
1. 「薄利多銷」的產品，其需求彈性一定大於1。
2. 在均衡點，如果需求線斜率大於供給線，課稅後消費者須承受較多的租稅負擔。
3. 一國的出口價格提高，其「貿易條件」改善。
4. 給定一市場價格，如果需求大於供給，則市場會出現「短缺」。
5. ＯＰＥＣ透過減產以提高總收益的政策，短期效果較長期為好。
6. 出口對一國有利，進口則有害。
7. 「定額稅」不公平，但有效率。
8. 經濟學之父亞當斯密認為「公平」是制定稅制最重要的考量。
9. 對於消費者的效用而言，實體物品的贈與，絕對比等價金錢的贈與還要差。
10. 自由貿易對一國整體的福利有所提升，因此任何人皆贊成。
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如果內容有錯，麻煩各位大大指正
謝謝。
※ 編輯: hank5925 來自: 118.167.170.160 (11/17 21:52)